Henry's government

Question 1

important councilors

Answer 1

sir Reginald bray - chancellor of dutchy looked after crown land
John Morton -
Margaret Beaufort- mum
William Stanley- was lord chamberlain who then conspired against him

Question 2

Council learned

Answer 2

• was a small and highly professional legal committee. It was introduced in 1495 to defend Henry’s position as a feudal landlord
• went on to deal with all Crown lands and kept up-to-date records of wardship, marriage and relief of all the king’s tenants and the collection of feudal dues that were owed to him

empsom and dudley took control and began heavily attacking the nobility financially
acted as a law court but wihtout a court of appeals therir rullings were final
everyone though this was corrupt and too powerful

Question 3

how many times was parliament called?

Answer 3

7

for national security or rasing finance

Question 4

judicial system

Answer 4

• church courts: offences of clergy, wills and marriages
• local courts: landholdings,landlords, use of common land
• kings’s court: assizes (2x a year, major cases)
  quarter sessions (4x a year JPs civil affairs)

Question 5

what is sanctuary what did it lead to

Answer 5

if you commit a crime you could run to a church as cant be charged.
controversial and lead to anti-clericalism
henry only ended this for acts of treason

Question 6

problems henry faced

Answer 6

• finance
• nobility whose wealth and territorial power made them potential rivals to throne
• uneaven control through north south

Question 7

what was bastard feudalism

Answer 7

contract system in which. annual payments were given instead of large grants in order to maintain suppport

Question 8

attainders

Answer 8

controlled nobility by allowing henry to declare anyone of treason without trial (got henry loyalty)

• during his reign only 138 given. out, 46 of which were reversed
• increased use shows his paranoia as 51. were passed in 5 years

Question 9

attacks on retaining

Answer 9

1485: lords and commons had to swear they wouldn’t. illegally. retain
1504: act. required nobles to obtain a license from the king before retaining men

nobels found a way around this by covering up financial records of payment to men

Question 10

patronage

Answer 10

used to promote lower members of nobility so they would feel obliged to be loyal
didn’t use it with high members to preserve land

Question 11

financial controls against nobles

Answer 11

demanding financial bonds from individuals which would put nobles in debt to the crown for loyalty

ex. lord burgaveny convicted in 1507 for illegally retaining 471 and fined £70,000. henry gave him a £5,000 bond over 10 years and got loyalty

Question 12

star chamber

Answer 12

created in 1487
- prosecuted anyone who rebelled or threatened to rebel against henry
high court

Question 13

strengths of henrys conservation of power

Answer 13

• council learned controlled nobility effectively
• attainders created loyalty
• privvy. chamber controlled access to henry

Question 14

weaknesses of conservation of power

Answer 14

• retaining still a probelm
• use of fear; personal monarchy meant he wanted harsh punishments for non-compliance which was unpopular
• inconsistent power round country

Question 15

how did henry manage finances

Answer 15

• to begin with, relying on the exchequer system and treasury but got rid of them due to personal monarchy and wanting control
• made a chamber to have more control taking care of private expenditure. by 1490s became centre of royal finances

Question 16

crown lands

Answer 16

• henry inherited all land held by houses of Yorkists (29,000-£42,000 during reign)
• used 1486 act of resumption to reclaim crown lands granted away during war of roses

Question 17

feudal dues

Answer 17

traditional rights held by crown to demand money

-improved management after appointing sir john hussey in 1503 to administer wardship

Question 18

custom duties

Answer 18

• £33,000 - £40,000 in reign

Question 19

what was the royal council

Answer 19

household ran council which henry attended, where they advised him on the law.
didn’t have a secretary he signed everything himself

appointed many peoplelike clegy (made up 50% but most noatbly people who ha dclear legal skills rather than a high place in society

created a privy chamber

Question 20

importance of governemnt

Answer 20

henry needed to take control of the government as he needed to legitimised his powers and needed to reiterate personal monarchy

royal council was a continuation but new innovations star chamber and the the learned of law were new innovative stuctures

Question 21

how did henry change how his council and gov was run?

Answer 21

instead of appointing people by class and status appointed base don legal merit that wiuld halp him create more effective governance

Question 22

why were JPs so affective

Answer 22

it was an unpaid role but becuase people were so keen to impress the king they would work very hard for free to ensure that the reiongs stayed unde control

povided henry with control and loyalty

Question 23

who led the council of the north

Answer 23

led by surrey

unsuccsessufl due to the yorkshire rebellion in 1486

Question 24

what was the problem with ireland

Answer 24

the king only really had power in the pale.

Question 25

solutions of ireland

Answer 25

henry used ponying to help him contorl
created ponyings laws which allowed henry to make laws for irladns that couldnt be overturned by irish courts
attempted to reestablish himself as dominant

failed as it was more expensive and harder than he anticipated and os had to reinstate the earl od kildare to rule who was involved in the warbeck uprising

Question 26

how much did parlaiment grant henry for scottish war

Answer 26

120,000

Question 27

what was mortons fork

Answer 27

morton was a key part of royal concil and he cam up with this pinciple

if member sof the nolbiity were living a flashly lifestyle they clearly have enough money to donate to the king
and if the nobility like poor lifestyls they are clearly hoarding money that can be given to the crown

effective way of managing the nobility