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Pharmacology Blood > Hemostatic Agents > Flashcards

Hemostatic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mechanism of action of haemostatic agents

A
  1. Promoting coagulation
  2. vasoconstriction
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2
Q

Classify haemostatics

A
  1. Local agent (styptics)
  2. systemic agents
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3
Q

Name local haemostatic agents (styptics)

A
  1. Adrenaline
  2. thrombin
  3. fibrin
  4. calcium alginate
  5. oxidize cellulose
  6. astringents
  7. Gelatin
  8. Hemocoagulase
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4
Q

Name systemic haemostatic agents

A
  1. Vitamin k
  2. Antihaemophilic factor
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Ethamsylate
  5. Desmopressin
  6. Adrenochrome monosemicarbazone
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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of astringents

A

Precipitate proteins locally Control Capillary oozing 

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6
Q

Name the mechanism of action of adrenaline and haemostatic agents

A

Vasoconstriction (alpha-1) and arrests bleeding

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7
Q

Adrenaline is contraindicated in which patients

A

Patients with hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

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8
Q

What is the Combination of fibrin

A
  1. Fibrinogen
  2. Factor XIII (13)
  3. thrombin
  4. Ca+2
  5. other clotting components
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9
Q

Which local agent is used when ligation is not possible

A

Oxidized cellulose

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10
Q

What may cause necrosis nerve damage and vascular stenosis

A

Oxidized cellulose

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11
Q

How does the enzyme Hemocoagulase work

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin And promotes coagulation

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12
Q

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of which coagulating factors

A
  1. Factor II (2)
  2. Factor VII (7)
  3. Factor IX (9)
  4. Factor X (10)
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13
Q

What is the average intake vitamin K for adults

A

70-140 mcg/day 

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14
Q

Where is vitamin K stored

A

Liver

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15
Q

Vitamin K1 and Menadione Are observed in the presence of which substance

A

Bile 

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16
Q

Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for what

A

Acts as a cofactor for gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of clotting factors and osteocalcin

17
Q

 What happens when there is a vitamin K deficiency

A
  1. Increased tendency to bleed
  2. Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
  3. G.I. bleeding
  4. post operative bleeding
18
Q

What are the preparations of vitamin K

A
  1. Phytonadione (vitamin K1)
  2. Menadione sodium diphosphate (vitamin K3)
19
Q

What are the uses of vitamin K

A
  1. Obstructive jaundice associated with haemorrhage in vitamin K deficiency from prolong antimicrobial therapy
  2. K1 given to neonates prevent bleeding because intestinal flora Is absent
  3.  Control bleeding due to oral anticoagulant therapy
  4. salicylate poisoning (K-1)
20
Q

What are the adverse effects of vitamin K IV

A
  1. Flushing, sweating, dyspnoea
  2. Cyanosis
  3. collapse
  4. anaphylactic shock
  5. haemolysis
  6. hyperbilirubinaemia 
  7. Kernicterus
    
21
Q

Anti-hemophilic factor contains what and who is it used for

A

Used for haemophiliacs contains
coagulation factor VIII with von Willebrand factor

22
Q

Which drug corrects Abnormal platelet adhesion

A

Ethamsylate 

23
Q

What are the uses of desmopressin

A
  1. Diabetes insipidus
  2. Haemophilia
  3. von Willebrand’s disease
  4. bed wetting
  5. high blood urea levels
24
Q

What diseases enhance anticoagulant effect of warfarin? Why?

A
  1. liver disease
  2. hyperthyroidism
    Due to decreased levelof clotting factors
25
Q

What factors cause a decrease in anticoagulant affect warfarin

A
  1. Excessive intake of vitamin K
  2. hereditary warfarin resistance
26
Q

What are the contraindications of warfarin

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Haemophilia
  3. severe hypertension
  4. intracranial haemorrhage
  5. thrombocytopenia
  6. bacterial endocarditis
  7. active TB
  8. peptic ulcer
  9. threatened abortion
  10. cirrhosis
  11. renal failure
27
Q

Name an oral direct thrombin inhibitor that is used to treat Venous thromboembolism

A

Dabigatran etexilate 

28
Q

Name an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor

A

Rivaroxaban

29
Q

What are the uses of anticoagulants

A
  1. Deep Vein Thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
  2. myocardial infarction
  3. unstable angina
  4. atrial fibrillation
  5. disseminated intravascular coagulation
  6. prosthetic heart valves, vascular surgery
  7. cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
  8. haemodialysis

Pharmacology Blood (5 decks)

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