Hemostatic Agents Flashcards
what is the mechanism of action of haemostatic agents
- Promoting coagulation
- vasoconstriction
Classify haemostatics
- Local agent (styptics)
- systemic agents
Name local haemostatic agents (styptics)
- Adrenaline
- thrombin
- fibrin
- calcium alginate
- oxidize cellulose
- astringents
- Gelatin
- Hemocoagulase
Name systemic haemostatic agents
- Vitamin k
- Antihaemophilic factor
- Fibrinogen
- Ethamsylate
- Desmopressin
- Adrenochrome monosemicarbazone
What is the mechanism of action of astringents
Precipitate proteins locally Control Capillary oozing 
Name the mechanism of action of adrenaline and haemostatic agents
Vasoconstriction (alpha-1) and arrests bleeding
Adrenaline is contraindicated in which patients
Patients with hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
What is the Combination of fibrin
- Fibrinogen
- Factor XIII (13)
- thrombin
- Ca+2
- other clotting components
Which local agent is used when ligation is not possible
Oxidized cellulose
What may cause necrosis nerve damage and vascular stenosis
Oxidized cellulose
How does the enzyme Hemocoagulase work
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin And promotes coagulation
Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of which coagulating factors
- Factor II (2)
- Factor VII (7)
- Factor IX (9)
- Factor X (10)
What is the average intake vitamin K for adults
70-140 mcg/day 
Where is vitamin K stored
Liver
Vitamin K1 and Menadione Are observed in the presence of which substance
Bile 
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for what
Acts as a cofactor for gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of clotting factors and osteocalcin
 What happens when there is a vitamin K deficiency
- Increased tendency to bleed
- Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
- G.I. bleeding
- post operative bleeding
What are the preparations of vitamin K
- Phytonadione (vitamin K1)
- Menadione sodium diphosphate (vitamin K3)
What are the uses of vitamin K
- Obstructive jaundice associated with haemorrhage in vitamin K deficiency from prolong antimicrobial therapy
- K1 given to neonates prevent bleeding because intestinal flora Is absent
-  Control bleeding due to oral anticoagulant therapy
- salicylate poisoning (K-1)
What are the adverse effects of vitamin K IV
- Flushing, sweating, dyspnoea
- Cyanosis
- collapse
- anaphylactic shock
- haemolysis
- hyperbilirubinaemia 
- Kernicterus

Anti-hemophilic factor contains what and who is it used for
Used for haemophiliacs contains
coagulation factor VIII with von Willebrand factor
Which drug corrects Abnormal platelet adhesion
Ethamsylate 
What are the uses of desmopressin
- Diabetes insipidus
- Haemophilia
- von Willebrand’s disease
- bed wetting
- high blood urea levels
What diseases enhance anticoagulant effect of warfarin? Why?
- liver disease
- hyperthyroidism
Due to decreased levelof clotting factors
What factors cause a decrease in anticoagulant affect warfarin
- Excessive intake of vitamin K
- hereditary warfarin resistance
What are the contraindications of warfarin
- Pregnancy
- Haemophilia
- severe hypertension
- intracranial haemorrhage
- thrombocytopenia
- bacterial endocarditis
- active TB
- peptic ulcer
- threatened abortion
- cirrhosis
- renal failure
Name an oral direct thrombin inhibitor that is used to treat Venous thromboembolism
Dabigatran etexilate 
Name an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor
Rivaroxaban
What are the uses of anticoagulants
- Deep Vein Thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
- myocardial infarction
- unstable angina
- atrial fibrillation
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- prosthetic heart valves, vascular surgery
- cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
- haemodialysis
