hemostasis surgical bleeding and transfusion

Question 1

4 steps in hemostasis

Answer 1

1. vascular constriction
2. platelet plug formation
3. fibrin formation
4. fibrinolysis

Question 2

It is a potent constrictor of smooth muscle and is produced locally at the site of injury

Answer 2

thromboxane A2

Question 3

it is a potent vasoconstrictor and is synthesized by injured endothelium and serotonin

Answer 3

endothelin

Question 4

these are capable of contracting vascular smooth muscle

Answer 4

1. bradykinin

2. fibrinopeptides

Question 5

What is the most common abnormality of hemostasis

Answer 5

thrombocytopenia

Question 6

This is the defect of bernard soulier syndrome

Answer 6

1. glycoprotein Ib/IX/V receptor for vWF
2. defective platelet adhesion
3. low platelet count

Question 7

This is the defect in Glanzmann thrombasthenias

Answer 7

1. glycoprotein IIb/IIIA complex
2. defective platelet aggregation
3. normal platelet count

Question 8

how much is the expected rise in platelet in 1 unit of platelet concentrate

Answer 8

10,000

Question 9

What are the cytochrome P450 inducers

Answer 9

Ethyl Booba takes phen phen and refuses greasy carb shakes

7 drugs

Question 10

What are the cytochrome P450 inhibitors

Answer 10

inhibitors stop cyber kids from eating grapefruit Q

9 drugs

Question 11

What is the most common complication of warfarin therapy

Answer 11

abdominal cavity bleeding

Question 12

What is the most common cause of abdominal pain in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy

Answer 12

intramural bowel hematoma

Question 13

It is a cytokine that stimulates proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytes

Answer 13

IL - 11

Question 14

most common bacteria seen in contamination of infused blood

Answer 14

gram negative organisms

1. yersinia enterocolitica
2. pseudomonas

Question 15

Most bacterial contamination of infused blood is seen in what blood product

Answer 15

platelet

Question 16

TRALI occurs how many hours after transfusion

Answer 16

1 - 2 hours and ALWAYS before 6 hours

Question 17

What is the etiology of TRALI

Answer 17

related to anti HLA anti human neturophil antigen antibodies in transfused blood that pries neutrophils in the pulmonary circulation

Question 18

What is the characteristic of acute hemolytic reaction

Answer 18

1. administration of ABO incompatible blood
2. intravascular hemolysis
3. monitor urine output and maintain adequate hydration

Question 19

What is the characteristic of chronic hemolytic reaction

Answer 19

1. occurs 2 to 10 days after transfusion
2. extravascular hemolysis
3. does not require specific treatment

Question 20

What percentage of platelets are sequestered by the spleen

Answer 20

30%

Question 21

what is the percent of the population that is Rh negative

Answer 21

15%

Question 22

What are the values that indicate that there is NO NEED for reversal of heparin or warfarin therapy

Answer 22

1. aPTT < 1.3

2. INR < 1.5