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#DAY3_SURGERY > fluid and electrolytes > Flashcards

fluid and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the total body water percentage of male

A

60%

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2
Q

What is the total body water percentage of female

A

50%

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3
Q

What is the total body water percentage of newborn

A

80%

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4
Q

Breakdown of daily water loss

A
  1. 800 - 1200 ml in urine
  2. 250 ml in stool
  3. 600 ml insensible loss - 75% skin and 25% lungs
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5
Q

What is the most common fluid disorder in surgical patients

A

Extra cellular volume deficit

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6
Q

composition of lactated ringers solution

A 
Na - 130
Cl - 109
K - 4
Ca - 27
Lactate - 28
mOsm - 280
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7
Q

Composition of ECF

A 
Na - 142
Cl - 103
K - 4
Ca - 28
mIOsm - 280
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8
Q

Composition of PNSS

A

Na - 154
Cl - 154
mOsm - 308

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9
Q

This is used as maintenance fluid therapy in postoperative period

A

D5 0.45% NaCl

-for patients unable to tolerate enteral nutrition and started 24 to 48 hours post operative

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10
Q

This is used in patietns with closed head injuries

A

D5 7% NaCl

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11
Q

Ways of preventing refeeding syndrome

A
  1. underlying electrolyte or volume deficit should be corrected
  2. thiamine should be administered before feeding
  3. caloric repletion at 20/kcal/kg/day
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12
Q

consequence of rapid correction of hypernatremia

A

cerebral edema and herniation

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13
Q

consequence of rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

central pontine myelinosis

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14
Q

Drugs that are aldosterone antagonist

A
  1. spironolactone

2. eplerenone

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15
Q

Drugs that are Na channel blockers

A
  1. amiloride

2. triamterene

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16
Q

ECG changes in hyperkalemia

A
  1. Peak T waves
  2. prolong PR interval
  3. flattened p waave
  4. widened QRS complex
  5. sine wave formation
  6. ventricular fibrillation
17
Q

What happens to deep tendon reflex in hypokalemia

A

decrease

18
Q

What happens to deep tendon reflex in hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia

A

increase

19
Q

ECG changes in hypercalcemia

A
  1. shortened QT interval
  2. prolonged PR interval
  3. increase QRS voltage
  4. T wave flattening and widening
  5. AV block
20
Q

What is the critical level of serum calcium

A

5 meq/l

21
Q

ECG changes in hypocalcemia

A
  1. prolonged QT interval
  2. T wave inversion
  3. heaert block
  4. ventricular fibrillation
22
Q

what is a concomitant electrolyte imbalance in metabolic alkalosis

A

hypokalemia

23
Q

Potassium repletion is difficult in the presence of hypomagnesemia

A

true

24
Q

hypocalceia will be refractory to treatment if coexisting hypomagneseia is not corrected first

A

true

25
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome electrolyte imbalance

A
  1. hyperkalemia
  2. hyperphosphatemia
  3. hyperurecemie
  4. hypocalcemia
26
Q

what are the electrolyte imbalance in rhabdomyolosis

A

hyperkalemia

hyperphosphatemia

27
Q

causes of acute hypophosphatemia

A
  1. respiratory alkalosis
  2. insulin therapy
  3. refeeding syndrome
    . hungry bone syndrome
28
Q

composition of saliva

A 
volume - 1000
Na - 10
K - 26
Cl - 10
HC03 - 30
29
Q

composition of stomach

A 
volume - 1000 - 2000
Na - 60 - 90
K - 10
Cl - 130
HC03 - 0
30
Q

composition of duodenum

A 
volume - 1500
Na - 120 - 140
K - 5 - 10
Cl - 90 - 120
HC03 - 0
31
Q

composition of ileum

A 
volume - 3000
Na - 140
K - 5
Cl - 104
HC03 - 30
32
Q

composition of colon

A 
volume - 750
Na - 60
K - 30
Cl - 40
HC03 - 0
33
Q

composition of pancreas

A 
volume - 600 - 800
Na - 135 - 145
K - 5- 10
Cl - 70 - 90
HC03 - 115
34
Q

composition of bile

A 
volume - 300 - 800
Na - 135 - 145
K - 5 - 10
Cl - 90 - 110
HC03 - 30 - 40

#DAY3_SURGERY (16 decks)

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