Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hem/Onc > Hemostasis Physiology Review > Flashcards

Hemostasis Physiology Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the opposite to hemostasis?

A

hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Process which causes bleeding to stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the goal of hemostasis?

A

Goal is to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the balance between clotting and bleeding?

A

normal hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 components of hemostasis?

A

vasculature
coagulation proteins
platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

primary hemostatis is ???

A

formation of the platelet plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is secondary hemostasis?

A

clotting factors, proteolytically activated, activation of fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 phases of the hemostatic process

A
  1. Initiation and formation of the platelet plug
  2. Propagation of the clotting process by the coagulation cascade
  3. Termination of clotting by antithrombotic control mechanisms
  4. Removal of the clot by fibrinolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The hemostatic system players include ____, _____ and ____

A

blood proteins

platelets

the vessel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______: inhibits platelet activation & aggregation

A

Secretion of Prostacyclin (PGI₂):

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________: vasodilation, inhibits platelet activation & aggregation

A

Secretion of Nitric Oxide (NO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secretion of what other factors that discourage coagulation include ????

A

Heparin sulfate
thrombomodulin
tissue factor pathway inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 4 ways in which when injured, endothelial cells become procoagulant

A

Down regulation of thrombomodulin

Expression of tissue factor

Expression of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor)

Release of von Willebrand Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endogenous PLTs circulate for_____ before being cleared from circulation

A

~10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

About ____ of PLTs released from the bone marrow or transfused are pooled in the spleen

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the normal platelet count?

A

150K to 450K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is the normal platelet count range so wide?

A

due to storage of platelets in the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Platelet anatomy:____ and _____ function to promote clotting

A

Internal granules and External receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 ways platelets promote clotting?

A

1 – At the site of an active bleed, PLTs bind to exposed collagen to form the primary plug
The very first response to an injured vessel

2 – After forming the initial plug, additional PLTs are recruited to expand and propagate the clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the platelets steps of clotting?

A
  • Adhere to site of blood vessel damage and form a physical barrier - plug

-Start the clotting cascade – fibrin deposition

-Undergo activation – secretion and granule content release

-Release thromboxane – activates other platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Von Willebrand factor is synthesized and stored in ____ and ____

A

1) endothelial cells and
2) platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the primary function of Von Willebrand factor?

A

Primary function is binding to other proteins

NOT an enzyme so does not require a catalytic event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 coagulation functions of von willebrand factor?

A
  1. Binds to endothelium and promotes platelet adhesion to sites of vessel injury (through Gp1b-platelet glycoprotein Ib)
  2. Plasma carrier for Factor VIII, prevents its degradation
    Factor VIII is released from vWF by thrombin
  3. Binds to collagen when exposed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some principles of secondary hemostasis?

A

Clotting factors circulate inactive

Activate each other (cascade effect)

25
Q

The extrinsic pathway is activated by _____

A

tissue factor found OUTSIDE the blood

26
Q

The intrinsic pathway is activated by _____

A

factors required for activation are found INSIDE the blood

27
Q

What are the 3 essential steps needed in the mechanism of blood coagulation?

A
  1. Prothrombin Activator is formed
  2. Prothrombin Activator
    converts Prothrombin to Thrombin
  3. Thrombin acting as an enzyme converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin
28
Q

**Which factors and proteins are Vit K dependent?

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, protein S

29
Q

Under what conditions would you see Vit K decrease?

A

fat malabsorption/malnutrition

antibiotic therapy (esp. cephalosporins)

in the newborn

30
Q

_____ is a vitamin K antagonist

A

Warfarin (coumadin)

31
Q

The extrinsic pathway begins with ????

A

Release of tissue thromboplastin from traumatized tissue

Activation of Factor VII (VIIa)

Activation of Factor X (Xa) forming Prothrombin Activator (common pathway)

32
Q

The activation of factor X forms ______. This splits _____ into _____.

A

prothrombin activator.

prothrombin into thrombin (common pathway)

33
Q

What are the 5 beginning steps to the intrinsic pathway?

A

Exposure to collagen causes activation of Factor XII (XIIa)

Causes activation of Factor XI (XIa)

Causes activation of Factor IX (IXa) with help of Ca+

Factor IXa, Factor VIIIa, and calcium form a complex to activate Factor X

Activation of Factor X forms Prothrombin Activator (common pathway)

34
Q

exposure to _____ causes activation of factor XII

A

collagen

35
Q

the common pathway is produced continuously in the ____

A

liver

36
Q

what is considered the common pathway?

A

conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

37
Q

____- is required for activation of Prothrombin

A

Vit K

38
Q

_____ or _____ prevents normal Prothrombin formation

A

Lack of Vit K

or

presence of Liver Dz

39
Q

What is the essential step three in clot formation?

A

Fibrinogen Fibrin Clot formation

40
Q

_____ is protein formed in the liver

A

Fibrinogen

41
Q

_____ works as an enzyme on fibrinogen to convert it to fibrin

A

Thrombin

42
Q

____ molecules polymerize with other _____ molecules to form long ____ threads that produce the retinaculum of the clot.

A

Fibrin

Fibrin

Fibrin

43
Q

What is another name for Factor I?

A

Fibrinogen/ Fibrin

44
Q

____ is the most abundant coagulation protein

A

factor I

45
Q

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by ____, then stabilized by polymerization and cross-linking (factor XIIIa)

A

thrombin

46
Q

What are the 3 main roles of Factor I in coagulation?

A

1) Transforms the unstable platelet plug into a stable, permanent plug
2) Induces platelet aggregation
3) Starts the fibrinolysis process

47
Q

_____ and ____ are glycoproteins mainly synthesized in the liver

A

Protein C and protein S

48
Q

____ and ____ are important components of the natural anticoagulant system in the body. Are they Vit K dependent?

A

protein C and protein S

Yes, they are Vit K dependent

49
Q

When protein C and S are activated, have almost direct effect on conversion of _____ to ____

A

Prothrombin to thrombin

50
Q

____ inactivates Thrombin and IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa

A

Anti-Thrombin (III)

51
Q

_____ inhibition accelerated 1,000-fold with heparin

A

Anti-Thrombin (III)

52
Q

Active protein C works on which 2 factors?

A

factor 5 and 8

53
Q

What does a negative dedimer test indicate? What does a positive dedimer test indicate?

A

there are no clots present

clots are present

54
Q

Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin during the blood clotting process?

A

thrombin

55
Q

What is the name of the protein released by platelets and injured tissues (extrinsic pathway) that initiates the formation of a blood clot?

A

tissue factor

56
Q

Which coagulation factors are Vit K dependant?

A

factor 2,7, 9, 10 and protein C and S

57
Q

????/ best describes the function of the activated protein C complex.

A

Inhibition of factors Va and VIIIa

58
Q

Which of the following best describes the function of tPA?

A

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

Hem/Onc (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions