hemostasis Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the cause of thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis?
Select one:
a. decreased bile secretion
b. direct effect of metabolic alterations on the bone marrow
c. splenomegaly – hypersplenia
d. hyperbilirubinemia
e. malabsorption
A
c
2
Q
2. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors: Select one or more: a. Stuart-Prower factor (X) b. fibrinogen (I) c. Christmas factor (IX) d. prothrombin
A
a/c/d
3
Q
- Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulation of platelet production?
Select one:
a. Hypoxemia is an important stimulus of platelet production.
b. The stimulating hormone, thrombopoietin is produced in the bone marrow.
c. No hormone is known to inhibit platelet production.
d. The segmented nuclei of the megakaryocytes are incorporated in the platelets.
e. Platelet production is decreased in inflammation
A
a
4
Q
4. Direct interaction partner of thrombin, except: Select one: a. subendothelial smooth muscle cells b. platelets c. lymphocytes d. monocytes e. endothelial cells
A
a
5
Q
5. Surface receptor that plays a role in platelet activation: Select one: a. prostacyclin 2.719.0 b. histidine decarboxylase c. thromboxane A2 d. glycoprotein IIb/IIIa e. endocannabinoid
A
d
6
Q
- Laboratory alteration suggesting deep vein thrombosis:
Select one or more:
a. decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
b. decreased hemoglobin level
c. decreased activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
d. elevated plasma D-dimer level
A
d
7
Q
7. Acquired risk factor for deep vein thrombosis: Select one or more: a. dehydration b. nephrotic syndrome c. hypertension d. obesity
A
a/b/d
8
Q
8. Endothelial cells synthesize: Select one: a. prostaglandin E2 b. serotonin c. protein C d. von Willebrand factor e. elastase
A
d
9
Q
9. Thrombocytopenia can occur, except in: Select one: a. acute leukemia b. in autoimmune disease c. following massive transfusion d. acute inflammation e. in measles infection
A
d
10
Q
10. Coagulation factors with serine protease activity: Select one or more: a. Stuart-Prower factor (X) b. fibrin stabilizing factor (XIII) c. anti-hemophilic factor (VIII) d. von Willebrand factor
A
a
11
Q
11. Its concentration increases in inflammation: Select one: a. protein C b. factor X (Stuart-Prower) c. thrombomodulin d. factor II (prothrombin) e. factor VIII (anti-hemophilic
A
e
12
Q
- Laboratory alterations in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC):
Select one or more:
a. decreased activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
b. prolonged thrombin time (TT)
c. elevated D-dimer level
d. decreased fibrinogen level
A
b/c/d
13
Q
- Platelets are characterized by:
Select one:
a. the majority of blood group antigens are expressed on their surface
b. they are capable to divide
c. surface expression of HLA class I antigens
d. a lack of granules
e. they generate energy by glycolysis
A
c
14
Q
- Part of the coagulation process, except:
Select one:
a. release of thromboxane A2 from platelets
b. release of fibrin degradation peptides
c. release of tissue factor
d. release of serotonin from platelets
e. mast cell degranulation
A
e
15
Q
15. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor, except: Select one: a. factor VIII (anti-hemophilic) b. factor II (prothrombin) c. factor X (Stuart-Prower) d. factor IX (Christmas) e. factor VII (proconvertin
A
a
16
Q
16. Characteristics in hemophilia type B: Select one or more: a. deficiency of factor VIII b. bleedings in joints and muscles c. deficiency of factor IX d. autosomal recessive inheritance
A
b/c/d
17
Q
17. Mechanism of bleeding of vascular origin, except: Select one: a. amyloidosis b. hypertension c. immuncomplex deposition d. connective tissue atrophy e. altered TGF-β signaling
A
b
18
Q
18. Anticoagulation mechanisms/factors: Select one or more: a. prostacyclin b. antithrombin III c. protein S d. heparin cofactor type II
A
a/b/c/d
19
Q
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by:
Select one or more:
a. ADAMTS13 deficiency
b. increased platelet aggregation
c. von Willebrand factor protein of ultra large size
d. renal failure
A
a/b/c
20
Q
20. Anticoagulation mechanisms/factors: Select one or more: a. protein C b. thrombomodulin c. thromboxane A2 d. dilution
A
a/b/d
21
Q
21. Characteristics in hemophilia type A: Select one or more: a. deficiency of factor VIII b. mucous membrane and skin bleedings c. males are affected d. deficiency of factor
A
a/b/c
22
Q
22. Their concentration increases in inflammation: Select one or more: a. anti-hemophilic factor (VIII) b. fibrinogen (I) c. prothrombin (II) d. free fatty acids
A
a/c
23
Q
- Major therapeutic methods in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC):
Select one or more:
a. anti-thrombotic treatment
b. raising of the blood pressure
c. supplementation of coagulation factors
d. vitamin K supplementation
A
a/c
24
Q
- Laboratory alterations in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC):
Select one or more:
a. decreased platelet number
b. elevated fibrinogen level
c. decreased hemoglobin level
d. prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT
A
a/d
25
```
25. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be caused by the following, except:
Select one:
a. septic abortion
b. polytraumatic state
c. acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
d. pancreatitis
e. hypertension crisis
```
e
26
26. Platelet production can be inhibited by:
Select one:
a. vitamin B12 deficiency
b. all answers are correct
c. chemotherapy
d. bone marrow manifestation of malignant disease
e. measles virus infection
b
27
27. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by:
Select one:
a. it is associated with vitamin K deficiency
b. decreased platelet aggregation
c. it is more common in females than males
d. decreased platelet release reaction
e. bleedings into the joints
c
28
28. Major indications of routine laboratory coagulation testing:
Select one or more:
a. bleeding tendency in a genetically related family member
b. skin bleeding
c. preparation for surgery
d. long term febrile states
a/b/c
29
29. Which of the following statements are true regarding antithrombin III deficiency:
Select one or more:
a. An important anticoagulant mechanism is missing.
b. Direct thrombin inhibition is altered.
c. It is more common than the Leiden mutation.
d. Its main manifestation is deep vein thrombosis.
a/b/d
30
30. Typical laboratory results in vitamin K antagonist treatment:
Select one or more:
a. normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
b. normal prothrombin time (PT)
c. normal platelet count
d. prolonged thrombin time (TT
c
31
```
31. Acquired coagulation factor deficiency can occur:
Select one or more:
a. in chronic pancreatitis
b. in liver cirrhosis
c. in diabetes mellitus type I
d. in heart valve insufficiency
```
b
32
```
32. Acquired risk factors for deep vein thrombosis:
Select one or more:
a. sustained immobilization
b. overdose of vitamin K
c. asthma bronchiale
d. malignant disease
```
a/d
33
33. Potential mechanism of bleedings due to vascular alterations, except:
Select one:
a. mechanical injury
b. inflammation affecting the small vessels
c. weakening of the vessel wall connective tissue
d. immuncomplex deposition
e. atherosclerosis
e
34
34. Bleeding due to coagulation factor deficiency is characterized:
Select one:
a. First manifestation may be gingival bleeding.
b. Its prevalence is the same in both genders.
c. Frequent association with skin bleeding.
d. Deeper localization, in the joints.
e. It is more common in women.
d
35
```
35. Interaction partner of thrombin:
Select one:
a. lymphocytes
b. monocytes
c. fibrinogen
d. platelets
e. all the answers are correct
```
e
36
36. Streptokinase affects:
Select one:
a. kallikrein activation
b. thrombin inactivation
c. enhancement of antithrombin III effect
d. conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
e. inhibition of fibrinogen binding of thrombin
d
37
37. Acquired coagulation factor deficiency can occur:
Select one or more:
a. in biliary obstruction
b. in autoimmune diseases
c. in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d. in renal tubular acidosis
a/b/c
38
```
38. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors:
Select one or more:
a. von Willebrand factor
b. tissue factor
c. proconvertin (VII)
d. prothrombin (II)
```
c/d
39
39. Laboratory alteration suggesting deep vein thrombosis:
Select one or more:
a. elevated plasma total protein level
b. elevated plasma fibrin degradation peptide (FDP) level
c. elevated plasma D-dimer level
d. decreased plasma calcium level
b/c
40
40. Interaction partner of von Willebrand factor:
Select one:
a. coagulation factor VIII
b. fibrinogen
c. glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor of platelets
d. plasminogen
e. activated protein C
a
41
```
41. Causative factor responsible for increased deep vein thrombosis risk in malignant diseases:
Select one or more:
a. anemia
b. decreased food intake
c. cachexia due to the tumor
d. decreased physical activity
```
d
42
42. Which step of platelet activation takes place the earliest?
Select one:
a. aggregation
b. contraction of the cytoskeleton
c. adhesion
d. elevation of intracellular calcium levels
e. release of dense granule content
c
43
```
43. Alterations in von Willebrand disease:
Select one or more:
a. decreased platelet function
b. mucous membrane bleedings
c. decreased factor VIII level
d. prolonged bleeding time
```
a/b/c/d
44
44. Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of endothelial cells in
coagulation?
Select one:
a. upon tissue injury, endothelial cells physically prevent the exposure of the
subendothelium
b. by the production of protein C, endothelial cells inhibit the coagulation process
c. none of the other answers are correct
d. endothelial cells inhibit platelet activation
e. endothelial cells have an overall anticoagulant activity
e
45
```
45. Genetic factors increasing the risk of deep vein thrombosis:
Select one or more:
a. activated protein C resistance
b. Gilbert’s syndrome
c. Leiden mutation
d. alfa-1 antitrypsin deficiency
```
a/c
46
```
46. The most frequent inherited coagulation deficiency:
Select one:
a. activated protein C resistance
b. von Willebrand disease
c. hemophilia type B
d. hemophilia type A
e. dysfibrinogenemia
```
b
47
47. Typical laboratory results in vitamin K antagonist treatment:
Select one or more:
a. prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
b. prolonged bleeding time
c. decreased platelet count
d. prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
a/d
