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Clin Path > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Molecule secreted from damaged endothelium that induces vasoconstriction

A

Endothelin-1

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2
Q

Anticoagulation factors secreted by endothelium

A

Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Nitric Oxide
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)
Thrombomodulin

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3
Q

Procoagulant factors secreted by endothelium

A

Tissue Factor
Platelet activating factor (PAF)
Von Willebrand factor
Plasminogen Activating Inhibitor-1

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4
Q

Major stimulus for thrombopoiesis

A

Thrombopoietin

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5
Q

Platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor

A

GPIb

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6
Q

Platelet surface receptor for fibrinogen

A

GPIIb/IIIa

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7
Q

Which platelet granule contains ADP

A

Dense granules

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8
Q

What is the major effect of ADP on platelets?

A

Mobilizes intracellular calcium stores

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9
Q

What are the major anticoagulation molecules?

A

Protein C
Protein S
Antithrombin III
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

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10
Q

Activation of which clotting factors amplifies thrombin production?

A

FV

FVIII

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11
Q

Pro-inflammatory stimuli induce expression of which pro-coag molecule on endothelium?

A

Tissue Factor

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12
Q

Which coag factor is an important acute phase protein?

A

FVIII

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13
Q

Activation of which molecule initiates pathway to DIC

A

Tissue factor

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14
Q

Gene affected in Chediak-Higashi syndrome

A

CHS-1

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15
Q

What do platelet a-Granules contain?

A

P-Selectin
Clotting: fibrinogen, FV, vWF, Protease Nexin 2
Healing: finronectin, platelet factor 4, PDGF, TGF-B

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16
Q

What do platelet dense granules contain?

A 
ADP
ATP
Calcium
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Histamine
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17
Q

What triggers platelet activation?

A

Thrombin
ADP
PAF

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18
Q

Which clotting factor deficiencies cause moderate to severe bleeding?

A 
V
VII
VIII
IX
X
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19
Q

What enhances plasminogen activation?

A

Tissue plasminogen activators (tPA)

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20
Q

What is the major plasmin inhibitor?

A

a-2 antiplasmin

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21
Q

Heparin-like molecules activate which molecule and effect

A

ATIII
Inactivates thrombin and FX
Potent inhibitor of coagulation

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22
Q

Deficiencies of which factor cause a pro-coagulation state

A

XII

Syn. Hageman Factor

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23
Q

Which factors are inhibited by ATIII?

A

IX
X
XI
XII

24
Q

Which factors are in activated by protein C

A

V

VIII

25
Q

What factor does Protease Nexin 2 inhibit?

A

XI

26
Q

Pro vs. Anti Coagulation?

Thrombospondin

A

Pro

27
Q

Pro vs. Anti Coagulation?

Platelet Factor 4

A

Pro

28
Q

Pro vs. Anti Coagulation?

Protease Nexin 2

A

Anti

29
Q

Annexin V

A

Displaces coag. factors bound to membranes

Anti-Coag

30
Q

a1- antitryspin inhibits which factor?

A

XI

31
Q

Major Protein C inhibitor

A

a2-Macroglobulin

32
Q

Which is the Christmas Factor?

A

IX

33
Q

Which is the Laki-Lorland Factor and its function

A

XIII

Fibrin cross linking

34
Q

Which factor is also called Proaccelerin?

A

V

35
Q

Hemophilia A

A

VIII

36
Q

Hemophilia B

A

IX

37
Q

Pro-thrombin time

A

Extrinsic and common pathway

38
Q

Activated partial thromboplastin time

A

Intrinsic and common pathway

39
Q

Which factor is not degraded by ATIII?

A

VII

40
Q

Early stage anticoagulant toxicity causes which? prolonged PT or PTT? Why?

A

PT because FVII has the shortest half-life

41
Q

Enzymes in snake venom can activate which factors?

A

V
X
Thrombin

42
Q

Coag. factors missing in birds

A

XII
Prekallikrein
HMWK

43
Q

What conditions cause increased APTT

A 
Hemophilia (A or B)
FXII deficiency
Prekallikrein deficiency
DIC
Vit K antagonism/deficiency
Liver Failure
44
Q

What does APTT stand for and measure?

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time

Measures intrinsic & common pathways.

45
Q

What conditions cause increased PT

A

FVII deficiency
DIC
Vit K antagonism/deficiency
Liver Failure

46
Q

What test is used to monitor effectiveness of Vit K Tx for anticoagulant toxicity?

A

PT (b/c FVII has the shortest 1/2 life)

47
Q

Which anticoagulant molecule is Vit K dependent?

A

Protein C

48
Q

What does the Russell viper venom test measures?

A

Common pathway (FX, V, II or fibrinogen)

49
Q

What is the most sensitive test to detect hypofibrinogenemia/ dysfibrinogenemia?

A

Thrombin Time

50
Q

Causes of increased FDP?

A

DIC
Severe internal bleeding/localized thrombosis
Severe liver disease (not cleared)

51
Q

What is measured to detect secondary fibrinolysis?

A

D-dimer

52
Q

What are reticulated platelets?

A

Increased RNA b/c of recent bone marrow release.

Indicative of a responsive thrombopoisis

53
Q

Platelet abnormality of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

And cause

A

Macrothrombocytopenia

Beta1-tubulin gene mutation

54
Q

Why do animals with CHS bleed?

A

Platelet dysfunction (lack of dense granules)

55
Q

Abnormality associated with Glanzmann Thromboasthenia

A

GpIIb/IIIa deficiency (syn. alpha IIb/beta 3)

56
Q

What pathway does ACT measure?

A

Intrinsic and common

57
Q

What does thrombin time indicate?

A

Functional fibrinogen

Clin Path (9 decks)

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