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Hematology > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

A zymogen is

A

An inactive substance which can be converted into an enzyme when activated by another enzyme

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2
Q

(T or F) The roman numerals assigned to clotting factors are named in the order of discovery not the order of activation in the clotting cascade.

A

True

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3
Q

Which clotting factor initiates the extrinsic pathway (tissue factor pathway).

A

Factor III (Tissue Factor)

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4
Q

Which factor does factor III (tissue factor) activate in the clotting cascade?

A

Factor VII

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5
Q

In the clotting cascade, thrombin has this action:

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

And

Activates protein C

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6
Q

The intrinsic pathway is initiated by which factor?

A

Factor XII

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7
Q

Which factor has the greatest ability to bioregulate hemostasis (upregulate or downregulate the clotting cascade)?

A

Thrombin

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8
Q

Which factor creates crosslinks of fibrin mesh during clot formation?

A

Factor XIII

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9
Q

In which organ are the majority of clotting factors produced?

A

Liver

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10
Q

Which clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?

A

II - 2

VII - 7

IX - 9

X - 10

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11
Q

Prothrombin time (PT) evaluates the ______

A

Extrinsic pathway

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12
Q

(T or F) Delayed bleeding is characteristic of secondary hemostatic disorders.

A

True

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13
Q

What can lead to a prolonged prothrombin time (PT)?

A

Vitamin K deficiency

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14
Q

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) evaluates the ______

A

Intrinsic system

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15
Q

Hemophilia A is a deficiency of this factor:

A

Factor VII

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16
Q

Which is the most common type of hemophilia?

A

Hemophilia A

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17
Q

(T or F) Elongation of aPTT occurs with Von Willebrand disease.

A

True

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18
Q

What are sources of Vitamin K?

A

Synthesized by intestinal flora

Green leafy vegetables

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19
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for degrading fibrin during fibrinolysis?

A

Plasminogen

20
Q

Under what circumstances do protein C and protein S become activated?

A

In the presence of excess thrombin

21
Q

(T or F) Factors C and S are vitamin K dependent.

A

True

22
Q

Factor V Leiden mutation results in what?

A

Hypercoagulability

23
Q

What is is contraindicated for individuals with Factor V Leiden disease?

A

Oral birth control pills

24
Q

An elevation in aPTT suggests:

A

A deficit of functional factors in the intrinsic pathway

25
Q

Platelets stay in circulation for

A

7-10 days

26
Q

What are critical values?

A

Values determined to be so low/high they constitute a medical emergency

27
Q

The major risk associated with thrombocytopenia is

A

Spontaneous hemorrhage

28
Q

(T or F) Thrombocytopenia is associated with a wide variety of conditions.

A

True

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT an interfering factor for platelet counts?

Drug intake

Tobacco use

High altitude

Estrogen

A

Tobacco use

30
Q

A screening CBC is performed on a healthy individual. The report findings are positive for low platelets. Your next step is to:

A

Review the peripheral smear for satellite formation or platelet clumping

31
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with a decreased MPV?

B12 deficiency

Sepsis

Aplastic anemia

Valvular heart disease

A

Aplastic anemia

32
Q

What is the final outcome of healthy hemostasis

A

Formation of a stable hemostatic plug

33
Q

Which of the following steps are included in primary hemostasis?

Recruitment of RBCs to the area of injury

Formation of a white thrombus

Formation of a stable clot

Reflexive vasoconstriction

A

Formation of a white thrombus

and

Reflexive vasoconstriction

34
Q

In primary hemostasis, the bleeding initially stops with:

A

Platelet adherence to subendothelial collagen fibers

35
Q

What triggers platelet morphophonology to change?

A

Activation by von Willebrand factor (vWB)

36
Q

(T or F) The two steps of hemostasis (primary and secondary) happen independently of one another and in succession.

A

False

37
Q

Which best describes aggregation in primary hemostasis?

Platelet to RBC attachments

Platelet to WBC attachments

Platelet to platelet attachments

Platelet to collagen attachments

A

Platelet to platelet attachments

38
Q

What triggers amplification of aggregation into a large platelet mass?

A

Release of large quantities of ADP with thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

39
Q

Why must a platelet plug be reinforced with secondary hemostasis?

A

It is fragile

and

It can easily be dislodged from the vessel wall

40
Q

Which of the following is the most frequently inherited primary bleeding disorder?

Gray platelet syndrome

Bernard Soulier disease

Storage pool disease

Von Willebrand disease

A

Von Willebrand disease

41
Q

Which presenation are associated with von Willebrand disease?

Heavy menstrual bleeding

increased clotting with DVT formation

Mucosal bleeding

A

Heavy menstrual bleeding

and

Mucosal bleeding

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

Inhibition of thromboxane

43
Q

The aspirin effect lasts for

A

7 days

44
Q

Bleeding time testing gives information about

Platelet number or count

How a body responds to trauma

Platelet function

Heparin therapy evaluation

A

Platelet function

45
Q

What lab has largely replaced bleeding time testing?

A

Platelet function screen

Hematology (9 decks)

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