Hemorrhagic Disorders Flashcards
What is hemorrhage?
Severe bleeding requiring physical intervention
What are the two main classifications of hemorrhage?
Localized vs. Generalized
Acquired vs. Congenital
What causes localized hemorrhage?
Injury, infection, tumor, blood vessel defect
Give an example of localized hemorrhage.
Poorly sutured surgical site
Does localized hemorrhage usually indicate a platelet or coagulation factor deficiency?
No
What characterizes generalized hemorrhage?
Bleeding from multiple sites, spontaneous, recurring
What conditions are associated with generalized hemorrhage?
Primary hemostasis disorders
Secondary hemostasis defects
What are the symptoms of mucocutaneous hemorrhage?
Petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses
What conditions are linked to mucocutaneous hemorrhage?
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet disorders
Von Willebrand disease
Vascular disorders
What other signs suggest mucocutaneous hemorrhage?
Gum bleeding, epistaxis, hematemesis, menorrhagia
What are the symptoms of anatomic hemorrhage?
Recurrent/excessive bleeding post-trauma, surgery
What conditions are associated with anatomic hemorrhage?
Secondary hemostasis defects
Coagulation factor deficiencies
What are examples of anatomic hemorrhage?
Hemarthroses
Internal bleeding into joints, body cavities, muscles, CNS
What is purpura, and how is it classified by size?
Chronic bruising in multiple locations
Petechiae: <3 mm
Ecchymoses: >1 cm
When is epistaxis considered abnormal?
Recurrent
Lasts >10 minutes
Requires physical intervention
What are some signs of abnormal bleeding related to injuries or procedures?
Excessive bleeding from trauma, surgery, or dental extraction
What signs indicate widespread or spontaneous bleeding?
Bleeding into multiple cavities, joints, or soft tissue
Simultaneous hemorrhage from several sites
Bleeding for no apparent reason
What are additional signs of a bleeding disorder?
Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding)
Brisk, delayed, or recurrent bleeding
Hematemesis (vomiting blood)
What do hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count assess?
Anemia from chronic bleeding
Bone marrow response
What condition does a platelet count diagnose?
Thrombocytopenia
What does prothrombin time (PT) assess?
Deficiencies in factors 2, 5, 7, 10
What does partial thromboplastin time (PTT) assess?
Deficiencies in all clotting factors except VII and XIII
What do thrombin time and fibrinogen assay evaluate?
Hypofibrinogenemia
Dysfibrinogenemia
What are common causes of acquired bleeding disorders?
Liver disease, kidney failure, infections
Autoimmune disorders, trauma, vitamin deficiencies
