Hemorrhage Flashcards
what can be dx from CSF?
subarachnoid hemorrhage, related to head trauma
main symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
worst headache of life
how to treat subarachonid hemorrhage?
- control BP
- bed rest till hemorrhage until source of hemorrhage is located
- nimodipine (to prevent vasospasm)
when is sx recommended for subarachnoid hemorrhage?
younger to middle aged pts
what % of pts will die from spontaneous SAH from aneurysm?
25-30%
what artery/vein is injured in an epidural hemorrhage?
90% of epidural hematomas are caused by head trauma with a skull fracture that crosses a portion of the middle meningeal artery or vein. The middle meningeal artery is torn in 60% of cases.
Kid is skateboarding hits head, lost consciousness, is fine, then dies from brain compression….what did he die from?
epidural hemorrhage
cushings triad
-Systemic hypertension
-Bradycardia
-Respiratory depression/bradypnea
This response usually occurs when cerebral perfusion is compromised by increased intracranial pressure.
indications for surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage
- > 3 cm hemorrhage
- for patients with ICH associated with a structural vascular lesion
- young patients with lobar hemorrhage.
ICH medication options
labetalol-antagonizes adrenergic receptors, thereby reducing blood pressure
Nicardipine
Mannitol-reduces cerebral edema (drug of choice to decrease cerebral edema)
what drug can decrease seizures?
Fosphenytoin
what do you give for a pt that has a hemorrhage?
- Vit K
- fresh frozen plasma
what is used to reverse heparin?
protamine sulfate
subdural hematoma
An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rapidly clotting blood collection below the inner layer of the dura but external to the brain and arachnoid membrane.
Subacute phase begins 3-7 days after acute injury.
Chronic phase begins about 2-3 weeks after acute injury.
subdural hematoma is common in
people older than 60 years
