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Module 5 Hematology > Hemopoiesis/ blood formation > Flashcards

Hemopoiesis/ blood formation Flashcards

1
Q

Process of producing mature formed elements of blood
from stem cells
-200 billion RBC in adults.
-10 billion neutrophil

A

HEMOPOIESIS

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2
Q

branches of hemopoiesis

A

➔ Erythropoiesis: production of RBCs
➔ Thrombopoiesis: production of platelets
➔ Granulopoiesis: production of granulocytes
➔ Monopoiesis: production of monocytes
➔ Lymphopoiesis: production of lymphocytes

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3
Q

governs blood cell formation during prenatal life (in

A

mesoderm of the yolk sac

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4
Q

site of formation

A

mesoderm of yolk sac —> liver —> spleen —> bone

marrow

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5
Q

the site of blood cell formation after the 2nd

month of intrauterine life as long bones begin to ossify

A

bone marrow

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6
Q

postnatlly where is the bone formation

excpet of lymphopoiesis

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

occurs in bone marrow and

lymphoid tissue and organs

A

Lymphopoiesis:

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8
Q

➔Tissue where all formed elements of blood develop from

primitive stem cells to their mature form

A

Site of Hematopoiesis

Hemopoietic tissue

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9
Q
  • site of all forms of hemopoiesis
  • red bone marrow
    -in sternnum, ilium
    in spongy flat bones, humerus and femur
    -
A

MYELOID TISSUE

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10
Q

Framework for a complicated network of interconnecting

spaces called marrow cavities/ spaces

A

Stroma

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11
Q

functional elements in the stroma cavities

  • has blood cells
  • adipose cells
  • sinusoids
A

Parenchma

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12
Q
  • Composed of endothelial cells that form the lining of

epithelium

A

➔ Sinusoids

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13
Q

external to
endothelial cells; Phagocytose particulate matter in
sinusoidal blood and marrow spaces

A

Perisinusoidal macrophages:

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14
Q
  • newly matured rbs go to circulating blood
A

Transcellular migration

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15
Q

Temporary opening that allows the blood cell to
reach the lumen of the sinusoid
- Formed when a mature blood cell presses on
endothelial cell that lines a bone marrow sinusoid
- Closes as soon as blood cell has passed

A

migration pore

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16
Q

Only lymphocytes are produced
● Important for immune response for protection against
infection

A

site of all forms of lymphopoiesis

LYMPHOID TISSUE

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17
Q

origin of formed elements of blood

A

Can be traced back to a single cell,

fertilized ovum or zygote

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18
Q

(committed

to the formation of a single cell),

A

unipotent

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19
Q

They differentiate into: Totipotent —> unipotent

they get more restricted in
their lineage potential. capacity to multiply decreases

A

Stem cells

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20
Q

union of sperm and egg cell
- cell division
totipotent

A

FERTILIZED OVUM (ZYGOTE)

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21
Q

give rise to any type of human cell,
placenta cell or cell of fetal membranes; amnion and
chorion)

A

Totipotent

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22
Q
  • mulberry like
  • blastomeres so called cells in this stage
  • forms during first few days of embryo dev
  • totipotent
A

MORULA

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23
Q
  • day 4 in intrauterin life
  • embryo is filled with fluid
  • no more true totipotent cells
A

blastocysts

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24
Q

2 tyes of blastocycts

A

Trophoblast

Inner cell mass

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25
Q

enclosing wall of blastocyst

- stem cell for placenta and fetal membranes

A

TROPHOBLAST

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26
Q

a.k.a. embryonic stem cells
- gives rise to fetus
- no longer totipotent
- subsequent divisions of inner cell mass give rise
to more pluripotent stem cells

A

INNER CELL MASS (on one pole)

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27
Q

differentiate into any cell type (multipotent stem
cells)
● Can renew their numbers infinitely

  • decreases after 4th day of intrauterine life
A

PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS

28
Q 
versatile
● can transform into numerous, albeit finite, types of cell
and replicate very fast
● plentiful in embryo
- rare in adults
A

MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS

29
Q

examples of multipotent stem cells

A

Mesenchymal cell
neuronal stem cells
glial cells
hemapoietic stem cell

30
Q

give rise to connective tissue

cells, muscle cells, chondrocytes and osteocytes

A

Mesenchymal cells

31
Q

give rise to neurons

A

Neuronal stem cells

32
Q

produced formed

elements of blood

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

33
Q

cells give rise to glial cells

A

Glial stem cells

34
Q
  • numerous in embryo’ dew in adults
  • present in red bone marrow
  • in yolk sac early as 2nd week of E.Life
  • liver then spleen also bone marrow
A

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS

35
Q

control proliferation and differentiation of various cell

lineages from earliest stem cells to mature cells

A

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR AND

HORMONES

36
Q

where are hormones produced

A

Organs that includes
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Thrombopoietin (TPO)

37
Q

principal regulator of RBC production.

  • glycoprotein produced by the kidneys and liver
  • differentiates cells of erythroid lineage
A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

38
Q

primary regulator of megakaryocytes and platelet
production
- produced by liver and kidneys
- stimulates the production and differentiation of the
cells in the megakaryocytic lineage

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

39
Q

-produced within the bone marrow by stromal cells,monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and some
lymphocytes

-

A

HORMONE-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS

40
Q

stimulates the proliferation and

differentiation of multipotent stem cells.

A

Stem cell factor (SCF)

41
Q

stimulates the production and differentiation of the stem

cells of the neutrophilic lineage.

A

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF

42
Q

stimulates the production, growth, and differentiation of the cells of the basophilic and eosinophilic
-well as erythroid, neutrophilic, and monolytic
lineages.

A

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

GM-CSF

43
Q

stimulates monopoiesis

A

Monocytes colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)

44
Q

to differentiating into cells of certain hemopoietic

lineages (progenitor cells):

A

PROGENITOR CELLS

45
Q

cells of certain hemopoietic

lineages (progenitor cells):

A
  • B stem cell and T stem cell
  • DC stem cells
  • Myeloid Stem cells
46
Q

2 TYPES OF PROGENITOR CELLS

A

Early Progenitor Cell.

Late Progenitor Cell

47
Q

type of progenitor cell

-Multipotent (pluripotential) or have extensive
proliferative capacity (ex. B stem cell, T stem cell, DC
stem cell and Myeloid stem cell)

A

Early Progenitor Cell

48
Q

type of progenitor cell
- usually unipotential and have limited proliferative
capacity
➔ CFU-Eo, CFU-Bas, CFU-Mast

A

Late Progenitor Cell

49
Q
  • retains capacity to divide and renew
  • differentiate into
    • (CFU-GEMM)
    • CFU-GM
A

MYELOID STEM CELL

50
Q

what does CFU GEMM
ColonyForming UnitGranulocyte, Erythroid,
Macrophage, Megakaryocyte differentiate into

A
  • BurstForming UnitErythroid (BFU-E),
  • BurstForming
    UnitMegakaryocyte (BFU-MK),
- ColonyForming
UnitGranulocyte Macrophage (CFU-GM),
  • ColonyFormingUnitBasophil (CFU-Bas),
  • ColonyForming UnitMast Cell (CFU-Mast)
51
Q

CFU-GM gives rise to

A
  • CF-G (Colony-Forming Unit Granulocyte):
    produce neutrophils
  • CFU-M/DC (CFU-Monocyte/Dendritic cell):
    produce monocytes or myeloid related
    dendritic cells
  • CFU-GM: stem cell for osteoclasts
52
Q

chief regulator of erythropoiesis
(production of RBCs); promotes the differentiation of
progenitor cells into mature RBCs

A

Erythropoietin-

53
Q

stages of erythropoiesis

A 
● Proerythroblast
● Basophilic Erythroblast
● Polychromatophilic Erythroblast
● Normoblast
● Reticulocyte
● Red Blood Cell
54
Q

how long does rbc take to mature

A

about 1 week for the proerythroblast to
transform into a mature red blood cell

undergoes 3-5 cell divisions

55
Q

erythropoeisis capable of mitosis

A

proerythroblast and basophilic

erythroblast

56
Q
  • pronormoblast
  • spehrical centrally located
    cytoplasm is scanty basophilic
  • absence of hemoglobin
A

PROERYTHROBLAST

57
Q
  • basophilic normoblast
  • nucleus = spehrical 75% of the cell
  • clock face pattern
  • basophilic with hemoglobin
A

BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST

58
Q 
polychromatophilic normoblast or intermediate
normoblast
- smaller than basophilic eryth
- 50% of the cell 
significant amount of hemoglobin
A

POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST

59
Q
  • orthochromatophilic erythroblast or late
    normoblast
  • Eccentric, pyknotic nucleus that occupies 25% of
    the cell
    acidophilic cyto,
    degenarating mito and golgi

less hemo

A

NORMOBLAST

60
Q 
polychromatophilic erythrocyte
- larger than rbc 
no nucleus 
- still synthesize hemo 
- 0.8% of rbcs in the blood
A

RETICULOCYTE

61
Q

developing RBC matures, its nucleus becomes
progressively smaller until finally becoming pyknotic and
reticulocyte stage has already been extruded

  • diminishes in size
  • cell from basophilic to eosinophilic
A

ERYTHROCYTE/RED BLOOD CELL

62
Q

Neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic myeloblast go
through several stages of differentiation before they
become mature granulocytes.

A

GRANULOPOIESIS

63
Q

stages of granulopoiesis

A

➔ Promyelocyte
➔ Myelocyte
➔ Metamyelocyte

64
Q
  • large precursor cell
  • limited mitotic
    0 round
  • Progenies differentiate into promyelocytes

Moderately basophilic
➔ No cytoplasmic granules
➔ In EM - abundant mitochondria, ribosomes and well
developed rER

A

MYELOBLAST

65
Q
  • larger than myeloblast
  • look alike in lm
  • no nucleolus
  • round oval as well
  • More basophilic than myeloblast
  • has azurophilic granules
    -well-developed rER are present
    ➔ Capable of mitosis
A

PROMYELOCYTE

Module 5 Hematology (4 decks)

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