Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 5 Hematology > BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY (Hematopoiesis, Blood Typing, and Hemostasis) > Flashcards

BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY (Hematopoiesis, Blood Typing, and Hemostasis) Flashcards

1
Q

fluid of cardiovascular system
● Composed of : Plasma, WBC, and RBC
● Cellular elements: WBC, RBC, Platelets

A

BLOOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of the blood

A 
Maintains Homeostasis
- Body temperature
osmotic and ionic balance
› Transport of:
- Gases (O2 and CO2)
- Nutrients
- Hormones
› Defense:
- Infections
- Hemostasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TYPES OF PLASMA proteins

A

albumin
globulin
clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

major plasma protein
maintains oncotic pressure
carries molecules and drugs

A

albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

α β globulins (liver): transport of fats

› γ globulins (WBC): immunoglobulins

A

globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The force that retains the fluids inside the blood vessels

● Albumin maintains intravascular oncotic pressure

A

ONCOTIC PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when there is low albumin

A

edema
ascites
pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fluid moves out of the blood vessels and into the

interstitium or in the subcutaneous area

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fluid moves out of the blood vessels and into the

interstitium or in the subcutaneous area

A

ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fluid leaking into the alveoli and pleural space

A

pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is the albumin produced

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens with patiens with liver problems or liver cirrhosis

A

low levels of albumins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the serum protein electrophoresis

A

measures different levels of proteins in the blood
- diganoses serum protein disorder

Majority of serum will be albumin , followed by alpha-1,
alpha-2, beta , and gamma globulins (immunoglobulins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abnormal proliferation of plasma cells producing abnormal
amounts of immunoglobulins

will yield a spike showing a
high level of immunoglobulins

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

inherited immunodeficiency state that causes a low
concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood

serum electrophoresis test will show a deficit

A

AGAMMA GLOBULINEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

process of making red blood cells

A

Erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

different site of erythropoiesis in fetus

A
  • yolk sac

mid semester - liver, spleen and lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

different site of erythropoiesis in children and adolescents

A

all bone marrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

different site of erythropoiesis in adults

A 
Marrow of axial skeleton (membranous bones) continue to
produce RBCs:
› Vertebrae
› Ilia/Pelvis
› Sternum
› Ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

As age increases, the marrow becomes less productive of RBC

A

tibia and femure stop at 20

others start to lessen by ageing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a hormone and a principal stimulus for RBC

production in low oxygen state

A

erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most important regulator of RBC

production

A

Tissue oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens when hypoxia occurs

A

increases rbc production

sensed by the kidney then releases erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what causes to hypoxia

A

anemia
pulmonar disease
poor blood flow high altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

other stimulant of erythropoiesis

A 
Norepinephrine
› Epinephrine
› Prostaglandins
› Androgens (reason why males have higher level of
hematocrit than females)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when does the rate of making erythropoietin the kidney decreases

A

when adequate oxygen starts to flow to the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does erythropoietin produce

A

stimulates production of proerythroblasts from

hematopoietic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

high altitudes induce hypoxia that can cause anemia

  • thin air
  • increases hematocrit, hemo, erythropoietin
A

CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES AND HIGH ALTITUDE

SETTINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

this is a banned substance in sports

A

Doping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

effects of doping

A

increased blood oxygen capacity

- atheletic performance

31
Q

side effects of doping

A

Hypertension

› Venous thrombosis; RBC clumping in vessels

32
Q

kidney failure leads to

chronic kidney diseases

A

anemic
insuffecient erythp.
the one produced in the liver is only 10% not sufficeient

33
Q

used in DNA synthesis

A

RED CELL MATURATION

34
Q

elements needed in dna synthesis

A

folic acid

vitamin B12

35
Q

what is needed to absorb b12

A

Intrinsic factor - protein by gastric pariental cells

36
Q

what absorbs the b12 and where is it stored

A

absorbed by the ileum os the small intestine and stred in the liver

37
Q

cons of vegan diet

A

no B12 found

need fortified food or supplements to recover

38
Q

what to do when liver cannot store b12

A

maintenance of lifetime intramuscular injections of Vitamin

B12

39
Q

State of Iron overload

A

HEMOCHROMATOSIS

40
Q

insoluble form of iron that collects inside
the cells
› may result to liver, pancreas and heart failure

A

Hemosiderin

41
Q

who and where is hemochromatosis seen

A

Multiple blood transfusions - for chronically anemic

patients

42
Q

Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood

› Decrease in number of RBC’s

A

anemia

43
Q

increased destruction of RBC

› Hemorrhage

A

Hemolytic Anemia

44
Q

primary bone marrow failure

A

Aplasmic Anemia

45
Q

increase in the number of red blood cells in the body.

The extra cells cause the blood to be thicker

A

Polycythemia

46
Q

inherent overproduction of
RBC’s by the bone marrow and also called polycythemia
vera

A

Primary Polycythemia

47
Q

Response when exposed to low oxygen tension
envrionment
- RBC count commonly rises 30% above normal
- Congenital cyanotic heart disease
- Chronic lung disease
- Erythropoietin producing tumors

A

Secondary Polycythemia

48
Q

Part of the complete blood count test

● Used to help diagnose the cause of anemia

A

BLOOD INDICES

49
Q

lifespan of rbc

A

120 days

50
Q

Determined by the presence of antigens on the surface of
RBC

Major blood grouping systems
› ABO blood grouping

A

BLOOD TYPING

51
Q

ABO BLOOD GROUP

A 
H antigen with terminal oligosaccharides
› A = N-acetylgalactosamine
› B = Galactose
› AB = Both
› O = None
52
Q

universal reciepients

A

AB blood type

53
Q

universal donors

A

blood type O

54
Q

RH BLOOD GROUP .

composed of C, D, and E

A

most significant is the D antigen

55
Q

an Rh (-) mother gives birth to an Rh (+) child,
fetal blood gets mixed with maternal blood which
produces anti-D agglutinins from the mother.

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

56
Q

prevention and cure of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

Prevented by giving the mother Rh gamma globulin /
immunoglobulin (on 28th week and after delivery of 1st
pregnancy).
› Babies are treated with exchange transfusion of Rh (-)
blood.

57
Q

BLOOD TYPING

A 
● Clumping of RBCs = (+)
● No Clumping of RBCs = (-)
● Color of Antisera (Universal)
› Anti A = blue
› Anti B = yellow
› Anti RH = clear
58
Q

Prevention of blood loss
- One of the defense functions of the blood
= by the process of forming clots in the
walls of damaged vessels while maintaining blood in the

A

HEMOSTASIS

59
Q

hemostasis by several events/mechanisms:

A

Vasoconstriction
› Formation of platelet plug
› Blood coagulation
› Clot retraction

60
Q

Trauma to the blood vessel wall causes smooth muscles to

contract.

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

61
Q

Trauma to the blood vessel wall causes smooth muscles to

contract.

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

62
Q

-Also called thrombocytes
-Formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes
(extremely large hematopoietic cells in the marrow)

A

PLATELET

63
Q

lifepan of platelets

A

8 - 10 days

64
Q

Contractile proteins for shrinking the clot (actin/ myosin/
thrombosthenin)
2. Residuals of endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
3. Granules (ATP/ADP, serotonin, Ca2+, thromboxane A2)
4. Growth factors, fibrin stabilizing factor, prostaglandins

A

Platelet cytoplasm

65
Q

● Platelet cell membrane

A

Glycoproteins
- Repels normal endothelium but adherence to injured
vessel wall and any exposed collagen within the
vessel wall
2. Phospholipids
- Activate multiple stages in blood-clotting

66
Q

formation of platelets

A
  • triggered by endothelial damage
  • attach to VWF
  • contracts then release atp, thrmboxane a2 and paf
    platelet activating factor
67
Q

purpose of coagulation

A

formation of fibron

68
Q

strengthens the platelet plug and the overall

clot

A

fibrin

69
Q

2 pathways of fibrin

A

Intrinsic pathway

Extrinsic pathway

70
Q

triggered by the activation of
factors in the blood by exposure to collagen in the sub
endothelium.

A

Intrinsic pathway

71
Q

triggered by the exposure of

plasma to tissue factor

A

Extrinsic pathway

72
Q

is exposed when there is
damage to tissues

it is a lipoprotein

A

Tissue factor

73
Q

Factor Xa combines with factor V

A

prothrombin

activator

Module 5 Hematology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions