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Step 1 Questions > Hemonc > Flashcards

Hemonc Flashcards

1
Q

african american pt with low hematocrit and high reticulocyte count, recurrent episodes of abd pain that resolve with hydration. Ddx

A

sickle cell anemia

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2
Q

acte chest syndrome

A

vaso-occlusive crisis localized to the pulmonary vasculature that occurs in sickle cell pt

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3
Q

autosplenectomy

A

sickle cell pt. due to vaso-occlusive crises that cause repeated infarctions. Spleen is shrunken,brown discoloration and fibrotic.

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4
Q

the primary mechanism of iron deficiency is

A

blood loss, especially in GI tract

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5
Q

cause of hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency

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6
Q

total body iron content is regulated by

A

Hepcidin from hepatic parenchymal cells

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7
Q

X linked coagulopathy, intramuscular hemorrhage, hemorrhage into large joints, prolonged bleeding following surgery.

A

Hemophilia A

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8
Q

signs of disorder of secondary hemostasis

A

bleeding from joints and muscles, bleeding after surgery

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9
Q

coagulopathy with x-linker inheritance and PTT pronlongation

A

Hemophilia A: only males can get it

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10
Q

deficiency of CD55 and CD59, hemolytic anemia, hypercoagulable state and decreased blood counts

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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11
Q

bone marrow aspiration in aplastic anemia

A

dry tap

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12
Q

easy bleeding form mucosal surfaces including gingivae, nasal mucosa, GI tract and menorrhagia.

A

Von willebrand disease

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13
Q

inheritance of von willebrand disease

A

Autosomal dominant with variable incomplete penetrance

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14
Q

pt with severe B thalasemia receives regular blood transfusions. Lymph node biopsy revelas phagocytic cells with golden yellow cytoplasmic granules that are composed of

A

Hemosiderin

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15
Q

G6PD inheritance

A

X linked recessive, males are affected and females r carriers

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16
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis inheritance

A

Autosomal dominant

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17
Q

pt with increased plasma volume, low EPO levels, pruritis after hot showers

A

Polycythemia vera

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18
Q

mutation in polycythemia vera

A

JAK2 making bone marrow more sensitive to growth factors

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19
Q

enzyme affected in acute intermittent porphyria

A

porphobilinogen deaminase

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20
Q

enzyme affected in porphyria cutanea tarde

A

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

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21
Q

enzymes affected in lead poisoning

A

ferrochalatase and ALA dehydrogenase (RLS)

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22
Q

cryoprecipitate

A

fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor XIII, vWF and fibronectin

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23
Q

Fresh froxen plasma

A

coagulation factors

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24
Q

treatment of DIC, cirrhosis and warfarin overdose

A

fresh frozen plasma

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25
Q

translocation 9:22

A

CML, bcr-abl

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26
Q

Translocaiton 8:14

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma c myc activation

27
Q

trans. 11:14

A

Mantle cell lymphoma, cyclin D1

28
Q

trans. 14:18

A

follicular lymphoma, bcl 2

29
Q

trans. 15:17

A

M3 type of AML, responsive to ATRA

30
Q

heparin overdose treatmenr

A

Protamine sulfate

31
Q

NSAID that does not impair platelet function

A

celcoxib: selective COX2 inhibitor

32
Q

low molecular weight heparins

A

enoxaparin, fondaparinux

33
Q

MOA of heparin

A

bind to antithrombin and activates it so it can decreased thrombin and factor Xa

34
Q

drug admin. For pt who have had a transient ischemic attack

A

low dose aspirin

35
Q

RBC membrane defect due to mutations in plama membrane scaffolding proteins spectrin and ankyrin. Cilincal manifestation of hemolytic anemia, jaundice and splenomegaly

A

hereditary spherocytosis

36
Q

high hematocrit in normal males, small testicular size, acne

A

steroid drug abuse, androgens stimulate red blood cell production

37
Q

drug of choice for prevention of venous thrombosis in pt undergoing elective surgery

A

Heparin

38
Q

pt with unusual protein in WBC that shows affinity for vit A derivative

A

Acute myeloid leukemia M3 type which responds to ATRA

39
Q

argatroban

A

direct thrombin inhibitor. Used for treatment of heparin induces thrombocytopenia

40
Q

ER/PR positive breast cancer indicates sensitivity to

A

tamoxifen

41
Q

ERB B2 positive indicated response to

A

trastuzumab, more aggressive

42
Q

reduciton of risk of non hereditary ovarian cancer

A

Oral contraceptive: by reducing the amount of times a woman ovulates.

43
Q

increased risk fo ovarian cancer

A

ovarian dysfunction, infertility, mulliparity, miscarriages, clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation.

44
Q

pt with glanzman thrombasthenia. Treatment with drug that causes the same effect

A

Abciximab, glycoprotein Iib/IIIa inhibitor that inhibits the binding to fibrinogen

45
Q

normocytic normochromic anemia, hypercalcemia, punched out lesions, increased susceptibility for infection, amyloid deposition of light chains and renal failure

A

Multiple myeloma

46
Q

Ratelgravir

A

integrase inhibitor that disrupts the ability of HIV to integrate its genome into the host cell’s chromosomes, preventing transcription

47
Q

pentad of fever, neuro problems, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolitic anemia

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytics uremic syndrome

48
Q

schistocytes on smear

A

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia or mechanical damage

49
Q

TTP and Hus pentad

A

fever, neuro, renal, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

50
Q

lab findings on intravascular hemolytic anemia

A

ow haptoglobin, increased hemoglobin, LDH and bilirubin

51
Q

diagnostic test for spherocytosis

A

positive osmotic fragility test

52
Q

what accumulates with methotrexate treatment

A

dihydrofolic acid polyglutamate

53
Q

part of cell cycle affected by vincristine

A

prevent separation of choromosomes during M phase

54
Q

treatment for toxicity of cisplatin

A

Amifostine

55
Q

treament for nausea and vomit in chemotherapy

A

serotonin receptor antagonist, ondansetron, granisetron and dolasetron

56
Q

cyclophosphamide toxicity treament

A

mesna

57
Q

prevention of cardiotoxicity by doxorubicin

A

dexrazoxane

58
Q

treatment of CML

A

imatinib, inhibits bcr-abl

59
Q

causes of aplastic anemia

A

radiation, environmental toxins (benzene, arsenicals), drugs such as chloramphenicol

60
Q

causes of malabsorption of B12

A

pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal bacterial overgrowth and ileal disease.

61
Q

where is folate absorbed

A

jejunum

62
Q

reed stenberg cells on a background of lymphocytic infiltrates

A

hodgin lymphoma

63
Q

DIC

A

long PT and PTT, thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, low fibrinogen, low factor V and VIII, Elevated fibrin split products.

Step 1 Questions (5 decks)

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