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HEMA LEC MIDTERM > Hemoglobin > Flashcards

Hemoglobin Flashcards

1
Q

iron bearing protein contained
within the erythrocytes

A

hemoglobin

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2
Q

function of hemoglobin

A

Transport oxygen from the lungs
to the tissue and carbon dioxide
from the tissue.

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3
Q

it is synthesized by young
erythroblast from the
polychromatophilic normoblast
stage up to reticulocytes stage

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

Composition of Heme

A

Protophorphyrin IX
Ferrous iron

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5
Q

amino acids of alpha and zeta

A

141

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6
Q

amino acids of beta

A

146

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7
Q

pretzel like
configuration

A

tertiary

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8
Q

amino acid sequence

A

primary

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9
Q

complete molecule

A

quarternary

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10
Q

helices and non
helices

A

secondary

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11
Q

Occurs in the cytoplasm of normoblast and
reticulocytes.

A

synthesis of globin

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12
Q

manufactured in
the ribosomes

A

Polypepdtide chains

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13
Q

made via transcription
of m genetic code to mRNA and
translation of mRNA.

A

Globin protein

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14
Q

the ability of hemoglobin to bind or
release oxygen . Expressed in terms of the oxygen
tension at which hgb is 50% saturated

A

oxygen affinity

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15
Q

The relationship between O2 tension and
hemoglobin saturation with oxygen is described as

A

OXYGEN DISSOCIATION
CURVE

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16
Q

relationship of O2 affinity with
Hb to pH

A

bohr effect

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17
Q

decreases oxygen affinity , more 02 release to the
tissues

A

right shift

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18
Q

increases oxygen affinity less 02 release to the
tissues

A

left shift

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19
Q

hemoglobin in combination with
oxygen.
gives pinkness to the skin and mucous membrane.
seen in arterial circulation

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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20
Q

hgb with iron but no O2 seen in
venous circulation
unassociated with oxygen

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

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21
Q

Found in normal human embryos
and fetuses with a gestational age
of less than three months

Absent at birth

A

Embryonic Hemoglobin

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22
Q

Composed of 2 zeta and 2 epsilon globin
chains

A

Hemoglobin Gower I

23
Q

Composed of 2 alpha and 2 epsilon

A

Hemoglobin Gower 2

24
Q

composed of 2 zeta and 2 gamma

A

Hemoglobin Portland

25
Q

the major hemoglobin of the fetus
and newborns

Composed 0f 2 alpha and 2 gamma

Produced four months after
conception

A

Fetal Hemoglobin ( HbF)

26
Q

normal adult hemoglobin

95 to 97 %of hemoglobin in normal
adults produced after one year
onwards

composed of 2 alpha (141 AA) and 2
beta chains(146 AA)

A

Hemoglobin A or A1

27
Q

Constitutes less than 3% of the total
hemoglobin
Composed of 2 alpha and 2 delta

A

Hemoglobin A2

28
Q
  • degradation product of HbA2
  • composed of 2 alpha and 2 delta
A

Hemoglobin A3

29
Q

this is the primary hemoglobin
in people with sickle cell disease.

causes the red blood cell to deform and
assume a sickle shape when exposed to
decreased amounts of oxygen

A

Hemoglobin S

30
Q

Glutamic acid is replaced by

A

valine in the
6th position of beta chain

31
Q

It usually causes a minor amount of hemolytic
anemia and a mild to moderate
enlargement of the spleen

About 2-3% of people of West African
descent are heterozygotes for

A

hemoglobin C

32
Q

is one of the most common beta
chain hemoglobin variants in the world

A

Hemoglobin E

33
Q

an abnormal hemoglobin that occurs in some cases of
alpha thalassemia

A

hemoglobin H

34
Q

Is a form hgb in its ferric state
* Has a brownish to bluish color and does not revert to
red on exposure to oxygen.
* Peak in the range of 620 – 640 nm at pH 7.1 under
spectral absorption test

A

METHEMOGLOBIN

35
Q

Formed by the irreversible oxidation of Hb of certain drugs and
chemicals

Formed by the addition of hydrogen sulfide to hgb has a
greenish pigment.

A

SULFHEMOGLOBIN

36
Q

If sulfhemoglobin reaches the critical level in the blood it
imparts

A

MAUVE LAVENDER

37
Q

Results from the binding of carbon monoxide to heme
iron.
* Hb can combine with carbon monoxide with affinity
200 times greater than that of Oxygen.

A

CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN

38
Q

termed as silent killer for its
colorless gas , odor and patient becomes easily
hypoxic

A

Carbon monoxide.

39
Q

qualitative screening test based on
specific gravity. The density of the
drop of blood is directly proportional to
the amount of hemoglobin it contains

A

Copper Sulfate Specific Gravity

40
Q

Hb will combine and liberate a fixed quantity of
O₂. The blood is hemolyzed with saponin and
the gas is collected and measured in a Van
Slyke apparatus.

A

Gasometric Method (Oxygen Capacity
Method)

41
Q

when
the drop of donor’s blood dropped into
copper sulfate solution becomes
encased in a sac of copper
proteinate, which prevents any
change in the specific gravity for
about 15 seconds

A

Copper Sulfate Specific Gravity

42
Q

measures plasma hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin Method

43
Q

Photoelectric

A
  • Oxyhemoglobin Method
  • Cyanmethemoglobin or HiCN
    method
44
Q

Colorimetric Methods

A
  • Visual
  • Photoelectric
45
Q

Blood is diluted in a solution of potassium ferricyanide and
potassium cyanide. The hemoglobin is oxidized to
methemoglobin by the potassium ferricyanide.

A

Cyanmethemoglobin or HiCN
method

46
Q

reagent used in hemoglobin determination
- pale and yellow with a pH of 7.2 +0.2

A

Modified drabkin’s reagent

47
Q

Reference Range for cyanmethemoglobin

A

M: 13.5-18 g/dL
F: 12-15 g/dL

48
Q

decreased hemoglobin
level

A

oligochromia

49
Q

People living at high altitudes

A

increased Hb values

50
Q

Excessive fluid intake

A

decrease hb

51
Q

during
pregnancy

A

decrease hb

52
Q

The panic Hb is less than 5.0 g/dl
a conditions that leads to

A

heart condition and death

53
Q

A value more than 20 g/dl leads
to

A

clogging of the capillaries as a
result of hemoconcentration

HEMA LEC MIDTERM (4 decks)

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