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Random Q's-- V > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is required for blood to flow?

A

Pressure difference

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2
Q

When blood flows through the circulatory system, energy is lost due to ?

A

Textbook says friction between the layers of flowing blood

Dina’s notes say heat. Same thing I guess???

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3
Q

Stroke volume is the:

A

amount of blood that enters the arteries during a cardiac cycle

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4
Q

What influences blood flow? (9)

A 
cardiac activity
vessel compliance
peripheral resistance
branching vessels and collaterals
vasoconstriction/dilation
tone of vascular musculature
blood viscosity
exercise
autoregulation
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5
Q

What is autoregulation?

A

constant blood flow - cerebral and renal vessels

vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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6
Q

What are the pumps in the circulatory system?

A 
heart (primary pump)
aortic pump
muscles (venous system)
gravity
respiratory pump
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7
Q

The stretching of the aorta during peak systole allows the aorta to act as a “reservoir”. True or false.

A

True– this stores much of the blood expelled by the heart. During diastole the energy stored in the arterial walls dissipates the blood stored by forcing it into arteries

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8
Q

BP in venules? BP in great veins?

A

Venules- 16mmHg

GV- 4mmHg

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9
Q

Blood flow is determined by? (2)

A

blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance

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10
Q

Arterial physiology depends on?

A

cardiac status

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11
Q

Increased heart rate yields an increased volume of blood flow to the tissues. True or false

A

True

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12
Q

Is the left or right side of the heart a higher pressure?

A

Left

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13
Q

Capillary bed consists of? (3)

A

arterioles, capillaries and venules

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14
Q

Each heart beat projects how much blood from the LV into the arterial tree?

A

70cc

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15
Q

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is what?

A

resistance offered by peripheral circulation

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16
Q

What is the main resistance vessel?

A

arterioles

17
Q

What are the sources of peripheral resistance?

A

blood viscosity, vessel radius and total vessel length

18
Q

Blood viscosity is affected by? (9)

A 
smoking
age
diabetes
obesity
male gender
anemia
temperature
cholesterol
hypertension
19
Q

Hematocrit:

A

percentage of red cells in the total blood volume

affects blood viscosity and resistance to flow

20
Q

What are the relationships between vessel resistance and viscosity, radius and vessel length?

A

directly proportional to viscosity
inversely proportional to the radius to the fourth power
and
directly proportional to vessel length

21
Q

Peripheral resistance is controlled by what 2 factors?

A

autoregulation (vasodilation and constriction)

sympathetic nervous system

22
Q

Where does blood pressure take it’s biggest drop?

A

arterioles

23
Q

Amount entering the arterial tree is determined by?

A

cardiac output

24
Q

Amount exiting the arterial tree is determined by?

A

peripheral resistance and arterial pressure

25
Q

According to ________ principle, there is a drop in blood pressure immediately after a stenosis.

A

Bernoulli’s

26
Q

Within a stenosis, what happens to pressure and energy?

A

increase in velocity and energy, decrease in pressure

27
Q

Venous compliance in approximately ___x more than arteries

A

30

28
Q

Blood pressure is affected by?

A

vessel elasticity and peripheral resistance

29
Q

Turbulent flow occurs at high velovcities. True or false

A

true–particular elements don’t travel along well-defined paths

30
Q

Hemodynamically significant stenosis is a reduction in what 3 components?

A

volume, pressure and flow

31
Q

Arterial pressure is ______ proximal to the site of narrowing and ____ distally

A

higher, lower

32
Q

What is a tandem lesion?

A

two or more stenotic regions that have a more pronounced effect on distal pressure
Result is large losses of energy at the entrance and exit of the lesion

33
Q

Blood flow proximal to a stenosis will appear to be what resistance pattern?

A

higher

34
Q

The venous pressure of the lower limbs is comprised of what 3 main components?

A

hydrostatic pressure
muscular/residual pressure
and
residual pressure

35
Q

What is residual pressure?

A

at the venous end of capillaries, the venous pressure supplied but arterial pressure

36
Q

Are the changes in blood flow between upper and lower limbs during inspiration/expiration the same?

A

No, they’re opposite.
During inspiration, the blood flow increases for upper limbs and decreases for the lower limbs.
Vice versa for expiration

Random Q's-- V (5 decks)

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