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Cardiology > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Hemodynamics

A

Description of the Physical behavior of blood

Examines the interrelationships between flow, pressure gradients, resistance, vessels cross-sectional area and velocity

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2
Q

What type of blood vessel has the highest resistance to blood flow, and therefore affects blood pressure the highest?

A

Arterioles

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3
Q

Stressed volume

A

Blood volume that is under high pressure.

Blood found in ARTERIES

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4
Q

Unstressed volume

A

Blood volume under low pressure

Blood found in VEINS

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5
Q

Macro blood vessel type order pertaining to thickest walls?

A

Aorta -> vena cava -> arteries -> veins

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6
Q

Macro blood vessel order with respect to diameter size

A

Vena cava -> aorta -> vein -> arteries

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7
Q

What types of macro blood vessels contain the most elastic tissue

A

Arteries and the aorta

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8
Q

Micro blood vessel order with respect to diameter

A

Arterioles -> venules -> terminal arterioles -> capillaries

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9
Q

Micro blood vessel order with respect to wall thickness

A

Arterioles -> terminal arterioles -> venule -> capillaries

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10
Q

What micro blood vessel contains only a single sheet of endothelium?

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

What micro vessel contains only endothelium and fibrous tissue?

A

Venules

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12
Q

A1 vs B2 adrenergic receptors on arterioles

A

Types of adrenergic receptors that increase or decrease resistance/ diameter

A1 = arterioles contract, causes decreased diameter and increased resistance

B2 = arterioles dialate, causes increased diameter and decreased resistance

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13
Q

Ficks law (V = D(P1-P2)A)

A

Determines the velocity of blood flow through a vessel/ group of vessels

D= diffusion coefficient

(P1-P2) =. Difference between the pressure gradient

A =. Surface area of the vessel

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14
Q

Velocity of blood flow V= Q/A

A

Linear velocity that determines the rate of displacement of blood per unit of time.

Q = Flow of the blood per unit of time (usually seconds)

A =. Surface area of the blood vessel/ groups of blood vessels

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15
Q

What blood vessel group has the highest surface area, but lowest blood velocity?

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

Diameter’s effect on the velocity through a blood vessel

A

Increase in diameter causes a decrease in velocity

Inversely proportional

17
Q

Dicrotic notch (incisura)

A

Secondary “miniature” upstroke corresponding to the increase in aortic pressure upon closure of the aortic valve.

18
Q

Mean arterial pressure

Diastolic + (Systolic- Diastolic)/3

A

Average arterial pressure over the course of an entire cardiac cycle.

Takes into account of pulse pressures in the heart.

19
Q

Total Peripheral resistance (SVR)

SVR = MAP-CVP/CO

A

Total peripheral resistance throughout the body at any given time.

MAP = mean arterial pressure

CVP = Central venous pressure

20
Q

atherosclosis with respect to arterial pressure

A

Causes an increase in both diastolic and systolic blood pressures due to the narrowing of the artery walls.

21
Q

Aortic stenosis with respect to arterial pressure

A

Causes a decrease in both diastolic and systolic blood pressures due to narrowing of the aorta from calcium deposits on the leaflets of the valve.

Impaired ability to eject blood from left ventricle causes a systemic decrease in blood pressure, but an increase in left ventricle pressure

22
Q

Ohms law and rate of flow equations

A

Ohms law = P = QR

Flow rate = Q = P/R

Both are used to determine resistance, flow and pressure differences in blood flow

Q =. Flow rate

P = difference in pressure gradients

R =. Resistance

23
Q

Poiseuille’s law

A

Describes the laminar flow of fluids through the cylindrical tubes (blood vessels)

Q =. Pi( P1- P2)r^4/8nl

N = viscosity of the blood

L = length of the blood vessel

R = radius of the blood vessel

Q - blood flow

(P1-P2) = difference in pressure gradient

24
Q

Resistance is directly and inversely proportional to which factors in poiseuilles law?

A

Directly proportional = length and viscosity

Inversely proportional = radius^4

25
Q

Flow is directly proportional and inversely proportional to what factors in poiseuilles law?

A

Directly proportional = pressure gradient and radius^4.

Inversely proportional to the length of the blood vessel and the viscosity of the blood.

26
Q

Difference between series resistance and parallel resistance

A

Series = add together normally

Parallel = add together in 1/R form

27
Q

What changes during exercise as if pertains to blood flow and the end targets of the blood flow?

A

Directly proportional =
cardiac output
blood to the skin
Blood to the skeletal muscles

Inversely proportional =
Blood to the abdominal viscera
Blood to the kidneys

Blood to the brain remains constant regardless of level of exercise

28
Q

Conductance

A

Is inversely proportional to resistance

Conductance = 1/R

  • Also, Conductance = diameter^4*

Cardiology (46 decks)

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