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Vascular > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two kinds of flow?

A

forward and reverse flow

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1
Q

What is hemodynamics?

A

literally “blood movement”

the study of blood FLOW or the circulation

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2
Q

Forward flow is _____the line, reverse flow is ______the line

A

Above

Below

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3
Q

What is circulation?

A

flow of blood through a closed system

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4
Q

What makes up the arterial system?

A

multibranched elastic conduit that carries blood away from the heart

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5
Q

What is energy?

A

blood flow is in motion

ability to do work

conservation of energy - energy is never lost only converts to another form

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6
Q

What is potential energy?

A

resting energy (static)

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7
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

motion energy (dynamic)

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8
Q

What is power?

A

concentration of force per unit area

force behind fluid flow

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9
Q

What is total energy?

A

kinetic + static

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10
Q

the pressure exerted by a fluid due to its weight or force per unit area is called?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

What is the energy or pressure gradient?

A

pressure difference in order for blood to move

flow is from high to low pressure

gradient = difference

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12
Q

Pressure has to build in the left ventricle before it can eject blood out of the aortic valve into the aorta, true or false?

A

true

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13
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

the AMOUNT (volume) of blood ejected

equal to the DIFFERENCE between end diastolic volume and end systolic volume

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14
Q

pressure is necessary to….

A

maintain flow

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15
Q

the greater the pressure gradient, the ______the flow rate

A

greater

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16
Q

What is the energy gradient?

A

determines flow

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17
Q

what causes loss in flow?

A

friction

resistance

18
Q

What are some things that can cause friction/resistance?

A

clot

thrombus

tumor

19
Q

The greater the resistance the ______the flow

A

lower

20
Q

what is the sign for the pressure gradient?

A

triangle ^P

21
Q

What is viscosity?

A

THICKNESS — resistance to flow

22
Q

What are the different types of flow?

A

laminar flow - normal - layers with the highest velocities in the center stream

parabolic - bullet shape

plug - SAME velocity

these are all NORMAL

23
Q

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

A

in an ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM how the flow changes

the smaller the more pressure needed

the thicker the slower the flow

how much pressure is needed if you change pressure, length or viscosity

24
Q

What are the three primary factors that determine the resistance to blood flow within a single vessel

A

finish slide 28

25
Q

In Poiseuille’s Law, what are the direct and indirect relationships?

A

Direct:

pressure increases, flow rate increases

diameter increases, flow rate increases

Indirect:

length increased, flow rate decreased

viscosity increases, flow rate decreases

resistance increases, flow rate decreases

26
Q

What accounts for about half of the resistance in systemic circulation?

A

resistance of the ARTERIOLES

27
Q

What does Bernoulli’s principal say about pressure?

A

velocity and pressure are inversely related

high velocity = low pressure

low velicity = high pressure

relationship in a stenosis high velocity with low pressure

28
Q

look at slide 34…what is the diagnosis?

A

spectral broading….LRA stenosis

29
Q

Slide 35, recognize the difference flow patterns

A

peripheral resistance

low resistance

high resistance

30
Q

What happens to velocity and pressure when you have a stenotic vessel?

A

velocity increase

pressure decreases

31
Q

What three things might you see on US if you have a stenotic vessel?

A

reduction in volume flow

bruits

spectral broadening

slide 37 for picture

32
Q

What are the different types of laminar flow?

A

parabolic

disturbed - flow breaks down

plug - uniform speed or velocity

33
Q

What are the two kinds of turbulent flow

A

chaotic

Eddies - flow is kind of like a tornado (ex: pseudoaneryusm)

34
Q

What is Reynolds number?

A

a number used to show turbulence

if the number is above 2000, flow is turbulent

35
Q

increase in flow speed increases _________number, increase in vessel radius _______ reynolds number

A

reynolds number

increases

36
Q

What is pulsatile flow?

A

non steady flow with acceleration and deceleration over the cardiac cycle

37
Q

What is the continuity rule?

A

flow rate must be constant proximal, at and distal to a stenosis

38
Q

flow speed ______at a stenosis and _______can occur distally

A

increases

turbulence

39
Q

What is an occlusion?

A

blocked vessel - no flow

40
Q

what is bruits?

A

sound produced by turbulence - indicates a change in flow

41
Q

What is triphasic - high pulsatility?

A

sharp upstroke in systole - has three points

flow reversal - resistance

forward flow

42
Q

what is biphasic flow?

A

moderate pulsatility - goes up and down

43
Q

What is monophasic flow?

A

low pulsatility

broad systolic peaks

Vascular (6 decks)

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