Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Vascular > Extracranial pathology > Flashcards

Extracranial pathology Flashcards

0
Q

Atherosclerotic disease: what do you need to evaluate?

A

location?

surface characteristics: smooth vs irregular??

echogenicty: homogeneous, heterogenous, calcification??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

thickening

hardening

loss of elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHat is plaque made of?

A

lipid complex carbohydrates

fibrous tissue

calcium

fibrin

it accumulates and causes the lumen to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the most common location for plaque?

A

typically in the bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a fatty streak of plaque?

A

thin layer of lipid material

homogeneous

low level echoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is fibrous plaque?

A

homogeneous

low to medium echoes

accumulation of lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a complicated lesion of plaque?

A

fibrous with collagen and debris

heterogeneous

bright echoes with shadow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is an ulcerative lesion of plaque?

A

deterioration of the surface

may result in embolization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes a carotid artery stenosis?

A

accumulated plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can a carotid have an aneurysm?

A

yes

walls should look like railroad tracks

rare but any artery can have an aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is takayasu’s?

A

chronic inflammation that results in narrowing of arteries

arteritis - nonatherosclorotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you determine the degree of stenosis?

A

elevated velocity through narrowed segment

color changes

post stenotic disturbances

turbulent blood flow

spectral broadening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you differentiate a stenosis from an occlusion?

A

rule out any trickle flow by using:

doppler

color doppler

power doppler

decrease color PRF

adjust sample volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the secondary characteristics of an ICA occlusion?

A

echogenic material filling the lumen

lack of arterial pulsations

reveresed blood flow

loss of diastolic flow in the CCA

increase velocity in the ECA

increase velocity in the contralateral ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do you get the highest velocity?

A

at a stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the stenosis criteria?

A

diameter PSV EDV

=. >=125cm/sec N/A

80-99% >=125cm/sec >= 140 cm/sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when there is a critical stenosis?

A

pressure and flow volume decrease cant get blood to brain

degree of abnormality depends on:

length of narrowing

diameter of narrowing

pressure

resistance

collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

proximal to a stenosis flow is _______ and pulsatility _________

A

dampened

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At the stenosis _________velocities and spectral __________

A

increase

broadening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

post stenotic flow ___________ and flow is _____________

A

reversed

disturbed

20
Q

What sound does a stenosis produce?

A

higher pitched sound

also have:

higher velocities

spectral broadening

distal to a stenosis: turbulence

dampened more rounded see slide 171 for picture

21
Q

how do you get rid of color alasing?

A

adjust the color scale

22
Q

what is the highest velocity obtained from an ICA stenosis is used to classify what?

A

the degree of narrowing

23
Q

What do the doppler signals obtained distal to the area of poststenotic flow disturbance look like?

A

may be normal or diminished

upstroke of the distal doppler spectral waveform may be slowed

24
What is tardus parvus?
delay arrival of systolic peak with low velocity see slide 174 for picture
25
Is surgical intervention available for ICA occlusion?
no
26
if you aren't seeing good color, how might you improve the image?
change the PRF (scale) or the color gain
27
What happens when you have an ICA occlusion on one side?
the other side changes velocity
28
What is the sign name for trickle flow?
string sign (may need to use power doppler)
29
What is the surgery called to remove a carotid stenosis?
thrombo endarterectomy
30
If the ECA starts to look like the ICA what usually has disease?
the CCA is usually occluded
31
if you have a high grade stenosis of ECA what happens to ICA
flow is elevated
32
what causes turbulent flow?
stenosis kinking tortuosity increase in vessel diameter
33
what does the vertebral artery unite to form?
basilar artery
34
how do you see the vertebral artery?
angle back toward the spine
35
what kind of flow does a subclavian steal have?
monophasic flow damped more often on the left side reversed flow
36
What questions must you answer for stenosis evaluation?
location of stenosis extent of plaque patency of distal ICA presence of tortuosity characteristics of plaque
37
What causes a dissection?
blunt and penetrating trauma
38
what is Marfan's syndrome?
connective tissue disorder genetic can cause aortic enlargement
39
What is fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
non atherosclerotic unknown etiology affects the media of the arterial wall mid segment of the ICA bilateral in 65% usually females "string of pearls" turbulent flow absence of plaque
40
What is a carotid body?
small mass of vascular tissue that adjoins the carotid sinuses ovoid structure 1 mm in size located in the adventitia component of the nervous system
41
what does the carotid body do?
assists in regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration chemoreceptor within the adventitial layer of the bifurcation
42
what is a carotid body tumor?
rare palpable neck mass headache hypervascular between ICA and RCA Blood supply via ECA branches slow growing neoplasm/mass
43
carotid body is ___________carotid body tumor is ___________
normal abnormal
44
What are some common features of a carotid aneurysm?
uncommon pulsatile neck mass bruit weakness of the media blood swirling tortuous CCA significant increase in vessel diameter abnormal blood flow pattern
44
What is the pathology of a dissection?
blunt and penetrating trauma cervical injuries neck flexion associated with marfan's syndrome between the intima and medial layers creating a false lumen
45
What is a carotid endarterectomy?
the assessment of the carotid endarterectomy site by duplex imaging for technical adequacy is an effective method to improve the results of the operation transducer is placed in a sterile sleeve and imaging is performed on the exposed artery after endarterectomy the intima is missing because of removal
46
What is carotid artery stenting
technique that has been introduced as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy in selected patients grayscale image of stent produces bright echoes

Vascular (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions