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CVPR: CV Unit I > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of blood flow through vessels

A
  • pressure differences drive blood flow through vessels

- difference between arterial and venous pressure drives blood flow through organ

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2
Q

Location of highest pressure and highest resistence

A
  • high pressure @ aorta

- largest drop in pressure/highest resistance @ arterioles

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3
Q

Total blood volume

A

~ 5L

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4
Q

Location of greatest blood volume

A

-venous system = “capacitance vessels”

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5
Q

Flow definition w/in context of CV system

A
  • (Q)=volume per unit time (ml/min)

- constant throughout closed system

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6
Q

Cardiac output definition

A

-total flow in CV system

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7
Q

Velocity definition w/in context of CV system

A
  • (v)=distance per unit time (cm/sec)
  • inversely related to cross-section area (A)
  • velocity high w/small A (i.e. aorta) & velocity low w/high A (i.e. capillaries)
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8
Q

Flow equation

A
  • Q=P/R
  • Q=flow
  • P=pressure difference
  • R=resistance
  • aka CO=(mean arterial pressure - mean venous pressure)/total peripheral resistance (TPR)
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9
Q

Poiseuille’s Equation

A
  • Q=P x (pi*r^4)/(8nl)
  • Q=flow
  • P=pressure difference
  • r=radius
  • l=length
  • n=viscosity of blood
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10
Q

Resistance of vessels in series vs. parallel

A
  • total resistance of vessels in series is higher than any individual vessel
  • total resistance of vessels in parallel is less than the vessel with the smallest resistance
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11
Q

Laminar flow definition

A
  • smooth, streamlined, most efficient

- velocity slowest at edge, fastest at center

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12
Q

Turbulent flow definition

A
  • irregular

- requires more pressure for same average velocity (vs. laminar)

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13
Q

Factors that increase turbulent flow

A
  • large diameter
  • high velocity
  • low viscosity
  • abrupt diameter change
  • irregularities on tube walls
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14
Q

Pulsatile flow

A

-heart pumps intermittently–pulsing flow through aorta; pressure is not constant

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15
Q

Systolic vs. Diastolic pressure

A

-peak aortic (~arterial) pressure vs. minimum aortic pressure

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16
Q

Pulse pressure definition

A

-pulse pressure=systole - diastole= 120 - 80 = 40mmHg

17
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP) definition

A

MAP ~ diastolic + 1/3(systolic - diastolic)

18
Q

Compliance definition/equation

A
  • C=(change in V)/(change in pressure)
  • represents the elastic properties of a vessel
  • determined by proportion of elastin to collagen
19
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A
  • loss of compliance cause by thickening/hardening of arteries
  • some normal comes w/aging
20
Q

LaPlace Law equation

A
  • T=(P*r)/u
  • T=tension
  • P=transmural pressure
  • r=radius
  • u=wall thickness
21
Q

Pressure/radius impact on Tension (i.e. in LaPlace Law)

A

-Tension increases w/increasing pressure and radius –> hypertension increases stress on vessel/chamber walls

22
Q

Transformation of pulsatile flow –> continuous flow

A

-degree of compliance in main arteries contributes to transformation of pulsatile flow deriving from heart to continuous flow @ capillaries

23
Q

Major types of transport of CV system

A
  • bulk transport=cargo brought from point A to B

- transcapillary transport=movement of cargo between capillaries and tissues

24
Q

Fick’s principle definition and equation

A
  • considers how much of a substance is used by a tissue

- x(used)=x(in)-x(out)=Q([x]in - [x]out)

25
Q

Hydrostatic pressure definition

A
  • ~blood pressure
  • net hydrostatic @ capillaries: difference between pressure and interstitial pressure
  • promotes filtration
26
Q

Oncotic pressure definition

A
  • osmotic force created by proteins in blood and interstitial fluid
  • alpha globulin and albumin = major determinants of oncotic pressure
  • solutes move from high to low concentration vs. solvents move towards high concentration
  • promotes reabsorption of fluid
27
Q

Starling equation

A
  • Flux=k[(Pcap - Pint) - (Ocap - Oint)]
  • k=constant
  • Pcap=cap hydrostatic pressure
  • Pint=interstitial hydrostatic pressure
  • Ocap=cap oncotic pressure
  • Oint=interstitial oncotic pressure
28
Q

Net flux fluctuations @ capillary bed

A
  • factors that increase hydrostatic (blood) pressure (hypertension) or reduce oncotic pressure (liver disease) –> excess filtration –> edema
  • arterial end=more filtration vs. venous end=more reabsorption
  • different net flux at different cap beds

CVPR: CV Unit I (28 decks)

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