Hemodynamics

Question 1

Two types of cytoplasmic granules seen in platelets:

Answer 1

Alpha granules
Dense granules

Question 2

List alpha granules:

Answer 2

Factor 5&8
Fibrinogen
PDGF
TGF-beta
P-selectin

Question 3

List dense granules:

Answer 3

ATP
ADP
CALCIUM ION
HISTAMINE
SEROTONIN

Question 4

Platelet activation is triggered by:

Answer 4

THROMBIN
ADP

Question 5

Primary(aka ____) causes of HYPERCOAGULABILITY are:

Answer 5

Genetic
Leiden mutation/ factor V Leiden Deficiency of Antithrombin III
Deficiency of Protein C or S

Question 6

Acquired aka _____ causes of HYPERCOAGULABILITY are:

Answer 6

Secondary
Trauma
Prolonged bed rest/ Immobilization
Myocardial infarction
Atrial fibrillation
Cancer
DIC
Heparin-Induced thrombocytopenia
Late pregnancy

Question 7

Explain HYPERCOAGULABILITY:

Answer 7

Any disorders that predisposes one to thrombosis.

Question 8

More examples of secondary/acquired HYPERCOAGULABILITY:

Answer 8

Oral contraceptives use
Sickle cell anemia
Smoking
Hyperestrogenic states(pregnancy and postpartum)
Cardiomyopathy
Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 9

Note that any hyperestrogenic state predisposes one to thrombosis. Why?

Answer 9

Because estrogen is a procoagulant and it’s production is increased during pregnancy, postpartum and while using oral contraceptives.