Hemodynamic dysorder & Shock

Question 1

Embolism definition

Answer 1

free moving intravascular mass carried from 1 spot to another.

Question 2

Types of Emboli

1-2

Answer 2

1) thromboemboli: venous or arterial. Can have infection thrombi = septic emboli (viridans)
2) Liquid Emboli: Fat emboli after bone fracture, Amniotic fluid into uterine veins.

Question 3

Pulmonary emboli

Answer 3

50,000 - 70,000 deaths per year. Heprin = anticoagulant. Chronic clot = umbrella or shunt IVC

Question 4

Saddle thromboembolus

Answer 4

Primary Pulmonary embolis

Question 5

Mural thrombus

Answer 5

Arterial embolus; endocardium asterial side (Brain strokes, spleen, kidney, mesentaric (dead bowel), lower extremities (gangrene)

Question 6

venous thrombus leads to

Answer 6

pulmonary embolis

Question 7

Acute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 7

Staph aureus, Stroke and abscess

Question 8

Fat embolism in

Answer 8

Pulmonary artery

Question 9

Embolism types

3-4

Answer 9

3) Gaseous emboli- air embolism injecting air into veins, decompressoin sickness .
4) Solid Particle Emboli: Cholesterol crystals from atherosclerotic plaques from tumor or bone marrow.

RCC spreads by embolis
Bone marrow embolis = CPR broken rib particle.

Question 10

Most common Emboli

Venouse Embolism final destination?

Answer 10

Thromboemboli

Pulmonary Artery (from right ventricle)

Question 11

Sources of Venous emboli

Answer 11

Tumor (RCC), Amniotic, Deep Vein, Saddle, Infaction, Fracture with fat.

Question 12

Arterial Emboli originate and destination and causes

Answer 12

From L. atrium, ventricle, or aorta. Via arterial blood to peripheral arteries.
Causes: endocardium or valvular thrombi. results in ischemia or bacterial emboli (S. aureus). Other sources are ulerated atherosclerotic plaques from aorta

Question 13

Paradoxical emboli

Answer 13

Via foreman ovale

Venous embolism that enter arterial circulation via foreman ovale or Interventricular spetal defect. Bypass lungs

Question 14

Arterial Embolism, what sized arteris are involved?

Answer 14

Medium or smaller arteries recieved larger arterial plaques.

Question 15

Mural thrombus - endocardium

Answer 15

heart quivers, builds up a clot, and clot leaves the heart with a return to normal rhythm.

Question 16

Organs are risk from Arterial emboli

Answer 16

Cerebral circulation, middle cerebral artery infarcts basal ganglia. Also Spleen, Renal GI, Lower extremity (gangrene)

Question 17

What artery is clogged in Retinal arterial emboli?

Answer 17

Opthalmic artery

Question 18

Dead bowel

Answer 18

due to ischemic colitis with infarction = peritonitis.

Question 19

Thrombosis definition

Answer 19

change in fluid blood to solid aggregate blood cells and fibrin. Fibrin = polymerized fibrinogen and forms meshwork of thin filaments of blood.

Question 20

Classification of Thrombosis (3)

Answer 20

Intramural thrombi: mural endocardium of heart chambers and overlying MI
Arterial thrombi: attached to arteries, cover ulcerated atheromas or coronary arteries.
Venous thrombi: dilated veins (varicose) granulation tissue, impression of inflammation.