cancers for test 1 Flashcards
Astrocytomas
glial neoplams from astrocytes (star; support neuron). 75-80% of adult primary tumors. Middle age cerebral hemispheres (seen more in adults), pons and cerebellum (kids).
Astrocytoma grade 1
20% of primary intracranial neoplasms. poor demarcation & infiltrates cortex. Cerebellum (kids), cervical spine (teens).
5 year life expect.
anaplasia transform to Glioblastoma multiforme (10%)
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GME)
Astrocytoma grade 3. 40% of primary intracranial neoplasms (old age). 18 month life expectancy. infiltrates cortex and corpus callosum, and white matter of both hemispheres. looks like a butterfly
Ependymoma
Glial tumor of 4th ventricle, obstruction by hydrocephalus. Ependyma lines 4th ventricle and spinal cord. 20s, occures in 4th ventricle, adults in spinal cord (second to astrocytoma), arises from filum terminale. Sharp demarcation. Slow growing tumor but can enter CSF in subarachnoid space. 4 year life expect
Medulloblastoma
20% of brain tumors in kids (cerebellum). Most common neuroblastic tumor from undifferentiated cerebellum cells.
Small round, blue tumor on vermis of cerebellum and aggressively enters the CSF.
gross: well circumscribed, grey, friable. kids have hydrocephalus (ataxia). On Short arm of Chrome 17. Very susceptible to radiation. at 10 years only 50% SURVIVE.
Meningioma
from arachnoid villi = compresses brain. 20% of intracranial tumors. 40s-50s. Common in parasagittal areas, convexities of cerebral hemispheres, olfacotry groove and sphenoid wings. Affects more women, can erode bones. Deletion or insertion of chromosone 22. Induced by radiation. Latent for 10 -15 years.
Well circumscribed, firm, bosselated. Visual impairment, anosmia, headache. if not completely excized, will grow double in 2 years.
Acoustic neuromas
Schwannoma ristrict CN8 at cerebellar pontine angle. Tinnitus, deafness, compresses CN. malignancy is rare, need complete excision
