Hemodynamic Disorders Part 2

Question 1

99% of all infarcts result from…..

Answer 1

thrmbotic or embolic events

Question 2

name organs that form red infarcts and why

Answer 2

intestines, lungs

organs with dual or intensive collateral circulation

Question 3

what organs form pale (white) infarcts and why

Answer 3

have single arterial blood supply: heart, splee, kidney

Question 4

an infarct in the BRAIN typically undergoes what kind of necrosis?

Answer 4

liquefactive – becomes a fluid filled cyst known as a CYSTIC INFARCT

Question 5

name 3 organs with dual blood supply and what this means

Answer 5

lung
liver
hand/forearm

will form red infarct

Question 6

name 3 organs with single blood supply and what this means

Answer 6

spleen
heart
kidney

will form pale (white) infarct

Question 7

infarction caused by VENOUS thrombosis is likely to occur where and why?

Answer 7

testis and ovary bc they have single venous outflow channels

Question 8

true or false

slowly developing occlusions are less likely to cause an infarction

Answer 8

true

Question 9

a pale infarct affects what vessels?
what about red?

Answer 9

pale = arterial occlusion

red = venous occlusion

Question 10

red infarct affects ___ organ

Answer 10

loose

pale affects solid

Question 11

ovary and testis cause red or pale infarct

Answer 11

red

Question 12

liver and intestine cause pale or red infarct

Answer 12

red

Question 13

MOST infarctions show what kind of necrosis?

Answer 13

ischemic coagulative necrosis

exception is the brain where liquefactive necrosis is common

Question 14

give 3 “solid” organs and thus pale infarcts

Answer 14

kidney
heart
spleen

Question 15

causes of edema are:

______ hydrostatic pressure
______ colloidal (oncotic) pressure within blood vessels

Answer 15

increased hydrostatic pressure

reduced oncotic pressure within blood vessels

Question 16

normal oncotic pressure

Answer 16

26mm Hg

Question 17

decreased ______ may cause edema

Answer 17

albumin

Question 18

where are heart failure cells seen

Answer 18

the lungs

Question 19

hyoercapnia is associated with……….

Answer 19

pulmonary edem

Question 20

generalized edema can cause ____ syndome

explain

Answer 20

nephrotic syndrome

serum protein (albumin) is lost in the urinr

Question 21

what does hypernatremic mean

Answer 21

dehydration resulting in increased sodium concentration in the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

also called hypertonic dehydration

Question 22

how can over hydration be fatal

Answer 22

excess water can lead to water intoxication or low levels of sodium in the blood —– hyponatremia —- which is fatal

Question 23

what is cardiogenic shock caused by

Answer 23

severe depression of cardiac performance

Question 24

what is hypovolemic shock caused by

Answer 24

reduced blood volume

Question 25

neurogenic shock occurs when

Answer 25

after acute brain or spinal cord injury

causes generalized vasodilation