Hemodynamic Flashcards

1
Q

What is edema

A

Edema is defined as abnormal and excessive accumulation of free fluid in the interstitial spaces and serous cavity

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2
Q

What is free fluid in body commonly called? Types

A

Effusion
Types:
•Ascites in peritoneal cavity
•Hydrothorax in the pleural cavity
•Hydropericardium or pericardial effusion in pericardial cavity

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3
Q

Types of edema

A

Localised eg allergic, pulmonary, cerebral
Generalized eg cardiac, renal , nutritional

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4
Q

Mechanisms of pathogenesis of edema

A
  1. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
  2. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
  3. Lymphatic obstruction
  4. Increased capillary permeability
  5. Sodium and water retention
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5
Q

Eg of edema due to decreased plasma oncotic pressure

A
  1. Edema of renal diseases example in nephrotic and nephritic syndrome
  2. Asitis of liver disease example in cirrhosis of liver
  3. Edema YouTube other causes of hypoproteinemia example in protein losing enteropathy
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6
Q

Eg of edema due to increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

A
  1. Edema of cardiac disease example in congestive cardiac failure, constructive pericarditis
  2. Ascitis of liver disease example in cirrhosis of the liver
  3. Passive congestion example in mechanical obstruction due to thrombosis of vein of lower legs, varicositis, pregnant uterus, tumor etc
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7
Q

Eg of lymphoedema

A
  1. Removal of auxiliary lymph note in radical mastectomy
  2. Pressure from outside on the main abdominal or thoracic duct
  3. Inflammation of lymphatics
  4. occlusion by malignant cells
  5. Milroy’s disease or hereditary lymphoedema
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8
Q

Eg of edema due to increase capillary permeability

A

Generalized eg systemic infections, anaphylaxis, certain drugs and chemicals
Localised - inflammatory

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