Hemisections of the Brain + Transverse Sections

Question 1

What are the four parts to the corpus callous?

Answer 1

1. Rostrum
2. Genu
3. Body
4. Splenium

Question 2

What is the septum pellucidum?

Answer 2

It is a thin sheet which lies in the mid sagittal plane and separates the anterior horns of the two lateral ventricles.

Question 3

What does the septum pellucidum continue as superiorly, inferiorly and posteriorly?

Answer 3

Continues superiorly as the corpus callosum and inferiorly as the fornix.

Extends posteriorly as far as the inter ventricular foramen

Question 4

What is the fornix?

Answer 4

It is a bundle of fibres which links the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus

Question 5

What is the bulbous projection into the lateral ventricle?

Answer 5

Caudate nucleus

Question 6

What are the three structures in the diencephalon?

Answer 6

Thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

Question 7

What is the thalamus?

Answer 7

It is a sensory relay area made up of smaller masses of grey matter nuclei, each with different functions.

Question 8

What lies immediately inferior to the Thalamus?

Answer 8

1. The Hypothalamic Sulcus

2. the Hypothalamus

Question 9

Where does most of the General Sensory information from the body relay in?

Answer 9

The Ventro-Postero-Lateral Nucleus of the Thalamus

Question 10

List six functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 10

1. Controls release of hormones from pituitary glands
2. Controls body temp
3. Control of hunger and thirst
4. Control of sexual behaviour and reproduction
5. Control of circadian rhythm
6. Mediation of emotional response

Question 11

What is the name of the fold of dura which surrounds the pituitary gland?

Answer 11

Sellar diaphragm

Question 12

Where is the pineal gland in relation to the thalamus?

Answer 12

Pineal gland is immediately posterior to the thalamus

Question 13

Where are the colliculi (of midbrain) in relation to the pineal gland?

Answer 13

Inferior

Question 14

What is the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 14

Globus pallidus and putamen

Question 15

Which structures form the basal ganglia?

Answer 15

Caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and putamen

Question 16

What does the internal capsule consist of?

Answer 16

Myelinated axons (white matter)

Question 17

What is the name given to these fibres that connect the cerebral hemisphere with other parts of the brain?

Answer 17

Projection

Question 18

What are the different parts of the internal capsule?

Answer 18

Anterior limb, genu and posterior limb

Question 19

Which cerebral artery, through one of its branches, supplies the internal capsule?

Answer 19

Middle cerebral artery

Question 20

What are the different structures found in a cross section of the midbrain?

Answer 20

Substantia nigra
Red nucleus (posterior to substantia nigra)
Cerebral peduncles

Question 21

What type of fibres does the cerebral peduncles contain?

Answer 21

Both Motor and Sensory Fibers in large tracts

Question 22

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 22

1. Motor Control (Primarily)
2. Motor Learning
3. Executive Functions (Mental Skills which help you get things done)
4. Behaviors/Emotions

Question 23

What is the Substantia Nigra a part of:

a) Structurally?
b) Functionally?

Answer 23

a) The Midbrain

b) The Basal Ganglia

Question 24

What is the function of the Red Nucleus?

Answer 24

It is involved in Motor Coordination, but not as much as the Cerebellum (Rubrospinal Tract)

Question 25

In the pons, where would motor fibres (of the pyramidal tract) and sensory fibres form the medial lemniscus occupy?

Answer 25

Posteriolateral

Question 26

In the medulla, what structures are found and what type of fibres do they form?

Answer 26

Pyramid and olives formed by motor fibres

Question 27

Name a structure found on the surface of the pons

Answer 27

Middle cerebral peduncle