hemiplegia, CNS, MS, CP

Question 1

Progressive CNS disorders

Answer 1

Parkinson’s
MS

Question 2

non progressive CNS

Answer 2

hemiplegia
spinal cord injuries
cerebral palsy

Question 3

vigorously extend limbs while arching back

triggered by stimulation or pressure to the back of the head or trunk

Answer 3

extensor thrust pattern

Question 4

teeth clenched w extreme force

can accompany extensor thrust

Answer 4

bite reflex

Question 5

stiffening of legs in ext or tight flexion

occurs in response to pressure on ball of foot or stretching of plantar surface by dorsiflexing toes

Answer 5

positive supporting reaction

Question 6

stimulus to palmar surface of hand can elicit grasp reflex which results in withdrawal of entire arm into tightly flexed position

Answer 6

grasp reflex

Question 7

flexion of head and trunk toward affected side

shoulder depressed

scap retracted

internal rotation and adduction of GH

elbow flexed

forearm pronated

wrist flexed

fingers w thumb adduction

Answer 7

flexor pattern of upper body

Question 8

slight ext of neck and head w trunk bent away from affected

scap retracted

IR of GH

elbow rigidly extended

forearm pronated

hand in flexion forming tight fist, flexion at DIP/PIP

palm faces backwards

Answer 8

extensor pattern of upper body

Question 9

abduction, external rotation, flexion of hip

flexion of knee

dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle

flexion of toes

Answer 9

flexor pattern of lower body

Question 10

adduction, internal rotation, ext of hip

extension of knee

PF and inversion of ankle

Answer 10

extensor pattern of lower body

Question 11

gait pattern w hemiplegia and MS

Answer 11

circumduction

Question 12

gait pattern w parkinsons

Answer 12

festinating

Question 13

resistance of a limb to passive movement, espec outside of the clients normal pattern of spasticity

Answer 13

spasticity

Question 14

ratchet like movement on affected limb, interuppted by a tremor

movement stops, then resumes

cycle is repeated throughout ROM

Answer 14

cogwheel rigidity

(parkinsons)

Question 15

palpate as a uniform resistance throughout the ROM of affected joint

Answer 15

lead pipe rigidity

Question 16

resistance to movement, generally equal resistance from agonist and antagonist mm’s - leads to painful cramping, pain, numbness, achiness

Answer 16

rigidity

Question 17

Non progressive condition of paralysis on one side of the body as a result of brain lesion

Occurs on one side of the body, opposite to the side on which the lesion has occurred

Answer 17

hemiplegia

Question 18

head trauma, brain tumor, cerebral thrombus due to aneurysm and cerebral embolism can all result in…

Answer 18

hemiplegia

Question 19

painful condition w shoulder in adduction and internal rotation combined w retracted scapula due to reflex patterns and spasticity

flaccidity in sh girdle mms and poor positioning of the persons body often resulting in an inferior subluxation of humerus

Answer 19

hemiplegic shoulder

Question 20

decreased ROM of shoulder and hand, followed by throbbing pain and edema

(elbow remains symptom free)

Answer 20

shoulder hand syndrome

usually occurs w a lesion of premotor cortex

Question 21

what is the most common pattern in hemiplegia

Answer 21

flexor pattern in upper limbs combined w extensor pattern in lower limbs

Question 22

passive and active movement are performed on the affected and unaffected side simultaneously

Answer 22

whole body integration

Question 23

damage to immature brain from hypoxia, ischemia, trauma or rupture of of cerebral blood vessels, toxicity and infection

Answer 23

cerebral palsy

Question 24

4 main types of movement disorders

Answer 24

1. spastic - most common, increased tone, increases w pain, stress (internal rotation of hip is commonly seen)
2. athetoid - slow movements, increase w voluntary movement and stop w sleep
3. ataxic - poor coordination/balance
4. mixed - spastic and athetoid

Question 25

what does an injury to the cerebellum result in

Answer 25

poor coordination and balance

Question 26

quick movements, uncontrolled and w/o purpose, does not stop w sleep

Answer 26

choreiform

Question 27

what does an injury to the cerebral cortex look like

Answer 27

spasticity , stiff muscles

Question 28

one arm or leg affected

Answer 28

monoplegia

Question 29

usually both legs affected

Answer 29

diplegia

Question 30

3 limbs affected

Answer 30

triplegia

Question 31

one arm and leg affected on same side of body

Answer 31

hemiplegia

Question 32

shortening of Achilles tendon resulting in reduced dorsiflexion, leading to bony changes the foot

Answer 32

equinus deformity

seen in cerebral palsy

Question 33

demyelination resulting in scar tissue formation that affects nerve transmission

sclerotic plaques develop at sites of demyelination

Answer 33

multiple sclerosis

Question 34

mild form of MS, few exasperations followed by complete recovery, asymptomatic

Answer 34

benign MS

Question 35

repeated cyles of exasperation and remission, causes only mild disability

Answer 35

benign or mild attack remitting MS

Question 36

repeated cycles of exasperation and remission, results in increased sx following attacks

Answer 36

chronic progressive attack remitting

Question 37

rapid progression of sx and disability, can be fatal in a few years

Answer 37

acute progressive MS

Question 38

where are intention tumors seen

Answer 38

MS

Question 39

sensory and autonomic changes in MS

Answer 39

proprioception impairment, paresthesia, cold extremities, sweating abnormalities, edema

Question 40

MS CI’s

Answer 40

painful or fatiguing techniques
extreme heat / large applications of heat

Question 41

uncontrollable movements (dyskinesia) is associated w damage to what part of the brain

Answer 41

basal ganglia

Question 42

poor balance and coordination (ataxia), is associated w damage to what part of the brain

Answer 42

cerebellum

Question 43

assessment observation in cerebral palsy

Answer 43

AROM & PROM will reveal a decrease in ROM if spasticity present

if athetoid present = ROM testing may not yield useful results

Question 44

assessment observations seen in hemiplegia

Answer 44

AROM / PROM will show decreased ROM if spasticity present

mm testing will not be useful testing if spasticity present