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Neuro Tx > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

flexion of head towards affected side
depression of shoulder
scapula retracted
IR & adduction of GH
elbow flexed
forearm pronated
wrist and fingers flexed
thumb adduction

=

A

flexor patter of upper body

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2
Q

adduction, ER, flexion of hip
knee flexed
dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle
toes flexed

A

flexor pattern of lower extremity

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3
Q

teeth clenched together w extreme force

A

bite reflex

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4
Q

ROM is interrupted by tremors stopping and starting through the movement

= what type of rigidity

A

cogwheel

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5
Q

what condition is “shoulder hand syndrome” associated w

A

hemiplegia

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6
Q

decreased ROM of the shoulder and hand followed w throbbing P and edema

elbow is symptom free

=

A

shoulder hand syndrome

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7
Q

poor coordination (damage to cerebellum) =

A

ataxic

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8
Q

A client with Multiple Sclerosis describes increasing symptoms following attacks, periods of
remission becoming less frequent =

A

chronic progressive attack remitting MS

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9
Q

anterior cord syndrome will present

A

bilateral motor pain and temperature losses

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10
Q

Pt w ms describes: between attacks symptoms either completely resolve or only mild disability remains

A

benign / mild attack remitting MS

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11
Q

When assessing a client w hemiplegia what might the pt present w around their shoulder

A

hemiplegic shoulder

pain in adduction and IR w retraction of scapula resulting in anterior sublux of GH

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12
Q

triggered by stimulation or pressure to the back of the head or trunk, person vigorously extends limbs/arches back

A

extensor thrust pattern

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13
Q

slight ext of pt’s neck and head w trunk bent away from the affected side, scapula retraction, IR of GH, elbow ext forearm pronation, hand/fingers in flexion

A

extensor pattern of upper body

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14
Q

adduction, IR and ext of hip, ext of knee, PF and inversion of ankle

A

extensor pattern of lower body

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15
Q

What type of rigidity - a uniform resistance through the ROM (palpated)

A

lead pipe

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16
Q

Seizure presents- blank stare, change in postural tone, short in time

A

petit mal

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17
Q

A central cord spinal injury involves what pattern of injury

A

mostly motor and sensory affected in the UPEXT w less effect to LEXT

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18
Q

Describe the onset of resting tremors in parkinsons

A

starts in one hand then in the foot/limb of same side

after time, the tremor presents on other side

pin rolling tremor

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19
Q

uncontrolled movement (injury to basal ganglia)

A

athetoid or dyskineisia

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20
Q

acute phase of hemiplegia after a stroke

A

mm on affected side will be flaccid, last for a few days → weeks, no spasticity or reflex patterns present

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21
Q

gait present with hemiplegia or MS

A

circumduction

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22
Q

occurs when loss of inhibition of alpha motor neuron firing

resistance of limb to passive movement

A

spasticity

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23
Q

stiffening of legs in ext or tight flexion

can occur in response to pressure on ball of foot or stretching of plantar surface by dorsiflexing toes

A

positive supporting reaction

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24
Q

ratchet-like movement of an affected limb, limb can be moved a short distance through ROM but movement is interrupted by a tremor, movement stops for a moment & then resumed again – cycle repeated throughout ROM

A

coghweel rigidity

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25
Q

decreased ROM of SH & hand, followed by throbbing P & edema – elbow remains symptom free – syndrome usually occurs with a lesion of the premotor cortex

A

shoulder hand syndrome

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26
Q

mild form, few exacerbations followed by complete recovery & client remains asymptomatic

A

benign MS

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27
Q

repeated cycles of exacerbation & remission, symptoms such as double vision, slurred speech, numbness & tingling anywhere in body can occur during these attacks

A

attack - remitting MS

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28
Q

results in increased symptoms following attacks, in some cases, remission periods become less & less frequent, disability increases continuously

A

chronic progressive attack remitting MS

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29
Q

rapid progression of symptoms & disability, can be fatal within a few years, more severe form of MS, least common

A

acute progressive MS

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30
Q

spinal cord begins from medulla oblongata, just superior to foramen magnum and ends at ___ where it becomes the ___ and then cauda equina

A

L2

conus medullaris

31
Q

most vulnerable segments of spinal cord

A

C4-C6

T12-L1

32
Q

difference between complete and incomplete spinal cord injury

A

complete - lesion results in total loss of function below level of lesion

incomplete - lesion results in some function below level of lesion

33
Q

damage in the centre of the cord w the periphery of the cord unaffected

A

central cord syndrome

cause = hyperextension, usually C-spine, affects elderly w arthritic changes to spine

34
Q

central cord syndrome impairement

A

motor and sensory abilities of upper limbs affected, mm weak or flaccid, LL spared or less affected

35
Q

damage to one side of the cord

A

brown sequard syndrome

cause - stabbing and gunshot wounds

36
Q

brown sequard syndrome impairement

A

on same side of lesion, decreased or absent motor function, proprioception, vibration and two point discrimination but normal P and temp perception

37
Q

damage to the anterior spinal artery or anterior aspect of the cord, resulting in corticospinal & spinothalamic tract injury

A

anterior cord syndrome

cause - direct trauma, often hyperflexion injury

38
Q

anterior cord syndrome impairement

A

variable bilateral loss of motor function & P, temp and crude touch perception, proprioception

39
Q

3 main causes of cerebral palsy

A
  1. hypoxia and ischemia
  2. trauma to, rupture of, cerebral blood vessels
  3. toxicity and infection
40
Q

most common type of polio

A

spinal poliomyelitis - inflammation & destruction of anterior horn cells may occur at any level of spinal cord

41
Q

most serious type of polio

A

bulbar poliomyelitis

  • involves cranial nerves and sometimes cardiorespiratory centre

poor prognosis

42
Q

where are lesions most commonly found w MS

A

brain stem
cerebellum
spinal cord

43
Q

what cranial nerves are most often involved in MS

A

optic
trigeminal

44
Q

causes only mild disability when the attack subsides (MS)

A

benign or mild attack remitting

45
Q

acute episode of exaggerated sympathetic response

evoked by painful stimuli in the abdomen/pelvic area

A

autonomic dysreflexia

occurs w lesion at T6 or above

  • severe hypertension 300/160
  • bradycardia
  • sudden pounding headache
  • considered an emergency
46
Q

what do you do if autonomic dysreflexia occurs

A

place the client in upright position w the head raised up to 45 degrees

supportive or tight clothing is loosened

noxious stimuli is removed

medical attention is sought

47
Q

resistance to movement in flexion, extension, rotation

A

rigidity

48
Q

after a stroke , mms on affected side are flaccid & no spasticity/reflex pattern are present yet

A

acute phase hemiplegia

49
Q

painful condition of shoulder - adduction, internal rotation, retraction of scapula

A

hemiplegic shoulder

often results in subluxation of humerus

50
Q

decrease in ROM of sh and hand followed by throbbing pain and edema - elbow remains symptom free

A

shoulder-hand syndrome

51
Q

One side of body involved. Usually rigidity or tremors are present. If symptoms are mild, no treatment is given. If they are moderate, massage and physio are helpful.

A

stage 1 parkinsons

52
Q

Both sides of the body are involved. Moderate tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia are present. Balance is not affected. Levodopa drug therapy begins

A

stage 2 parkinsons

53
Q

Significant tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia are present. Balance and walking are now impaired. Other symptoms include unsteadiness, dystonia and freezing.

A

stage 3 parkinsons

54
Q

Increasingly severe disability results because of severe bradykinesia. While walking is still possible, there is marked impairment. Some assistance is required with ADL’s.

A

stage 4 parkinsons

55
Q

There is a loss of ability to function independently. Person is immobile.

A

stage 5

56
Q

anterior horns of the grey matter contain

A

lower motor neurons whos axons terminate in skeletal muscle

57
Q

what horns contain sympathetic fibres from the ANS

A

lateral horns

58
Q

what horns contain sensory fibers

A

posterior horns

59
Q

what are the most vulnerable segments of the spinal cord

A

C4-C6 and T12-L1

60
Q

results in total loss of function below the level of the lesion. There may be nerve breakage because the spinal cord is stretched, ischemia or total transection of the spinal cord

A

complete lesion

61
Q

results in some function below the level of the lesion

A

incomplete lesion

62
Q

lack of movement control

A

palsy

63
Q

main causes of cerebral palsy

A

-hypoxia and ischemia

-trauma to or rupture of cerebral blood vessels

-toxicity and infection

64
Q

least common form of cerebral palsy

A

ataxic

65
Q

joints with least restriction are moved first followed by

A

those that are most restricted

66
Q

if a pt with parkinsons is having a benign /essential tremors what does it look like

A

trembling in both hands, can spread to head and voice

progresses slowly w long periods of remission

occurs when hand is held in a particular position, like holding a cup

it does NOT occur at rest and will cease when limb Is supported

67
Q

what is the cardinal sign to diagnose for parkinsons

A

bradykinesia

others are resting tremor or rigidity

68
Q

what does polio attack

A

motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

69
Q

Ulcer stages:

full thickness damage, skin loss to subcutaneous

cavity is created

crust is eschar, thick, leathery necrotic tissue

A

stage 3

70
Q

ulcer stages:

full thickness damage, necrosis to bone and mm

deep cavity w crust and leads to sepsis

A

stage 4

71
Q

stiff mms (spasticity) associated w damage to or developmental differences in the ______

A

cerebral cortex

72
Q

uncontrollable movements (dyskinesia) assciated w damage to ____

A

basal ganglia

athetoid

73
Q

poor balance and coordination associated w damage to ___

A

cerebellum

ataxia

Neuro Tx (6 decks)

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