Hematopoietic system Flashcards
• is a connective tissue that consists of a liquid matrix containing cells and cell fragments.
Blood
Liquid matrix occupies how many percent of total blood volume
55%
Formed elements makes up how many percent?
45%
Total blood volume in average adult female
is 4-5 liters
Total blood volume in adult male
5-6 L
the blood is what% of the total body weight.
8%
is the pale yellow fluid portion of the blood.
Plasma
Percentage of water, proteins, and others like ions, nutrients…
91% water
7% proteins
2% others
• comprises majority of the plasma proteins in the blood
Albumin
is part of the immune system. It has a role as transport molecules, so it transports other cells. And some are clotting factors like fibrinogen.
Globulins
• is then converted to fibrin, which is a thread like protein that forms the blood clots.
Fibrinogen
• majority of the proteins in the blood
Albumin
• this is plasma without the presence of your clotting factors like your fibrinogen.
Serum
3 fomed elements
RBC
WBC
Platelet
• are otherwise known as erythrocytes.
• They are the most abundant formed elements in the plot,
RBCs
RBCs comprise how many percent?
95%
WBC are known as
Leukocytes
Platelets are known as
Thrombocytes
• Is the process that produces those formed elements.
Hematopoeisis
In fetus, hematopoeisis occur in several tissues such as?
Liver
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Red bone marrow
Stem cells is otherwise known as
Hemocytoblast
this is where all the formed elements are derived from. So this is the mother cell of the different formed elements.
Stem cell
3 different white blood cells
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
• is the protein responsible for the red color of your red blood cells. It makes up 1 third of the RBC volume.
Hemoglobin
hemoglobin is broken down into how many globin and heme.
- Globin chain
4 heme group
• red blood cells contain the?
Protein hemoglobin
General function of RBC
• is to transport oxygen or pick up oxygen from the lungs to be distributed to the various tissues of the body. In exchange, it transports carbon dioxide that was used by your tissues to the lungs.
is the actual red pigmented molecule.
Heme
each contains or each heme group contains how many iron atom which can bind to an oxygen molecule.
1 iron atom
How many heme group in 1 RBC
4 heme group
How many oxygen molecule can hemoglobin carry?
4
If it is bound to oxygen, it has a what color?
Bright red
If not bound to any oxygen, what’s the color?
Darker red
The production of your RBCs is stimulated by
Low blood oxygen levels
• is stimulated by low blood oxygen, levels. This will release what hormone?
Erythropoietin
Releasing erythropoietin in where?
Kidneys
What happens when the RBCs have become old or has reached its lifespan or is abnormal or damaged?
• it will go to the spleen and in the spleen, it is degraded through the process of phagocytosis by the macrophages.
What happens to the globin in spleen?
it is degraded or broken down into its simplest form which is the amino acid. So this amino acid is being reused by the body.
What happens to heme
Heme is converted into bilirubin which is a yellow pigment.
• is essential in breaking down or emulsifying fat from the food that we eat.
Bile
the brownish or yellowish pigment of your stool.
Stercobilin
the yellow pigment that is found in your urine.
Urobilin
what happens to hemoglobin When the RBCs are broken down?
• the hemoglobin is also broken down. The globin part of the hemoglobin is protein, so therefore, it is broken down into its simplest form, which is amino acids. And then this amino acid is being recycled or reutilized by the body.
• these are spherical shaped cells larger than RBCs.
WBCs
Are WBC nucleated or annucleated
Nucleated
• the movement of the WBCs is called
Amoeboid
• Still under deformed elements, these are fragments of cells as they are derived from megakaryocytes. So, please remember that they are just fragments of cells
Platelets
Platelets are nucleate or annucleate?
Annucleate
Major function of platelets
Hemostasis
• is the process to prevent and stop bleeding. So these are the mechanisms of the body that would stop the bleeding.
Hemostasis
Stasis means?
Hemo means?
Stop
Blood
the 3 processes involved in hemostasis are the following.
- Vascular spasm
- Platelete plug formation
- Blood clotting itself
• So the goal of the vascular spasm
Contract or constrict
This will release ______ in the kidneys to stimulate the bone marrows to produce red blood cells.
Erythropoietin
• the movement of the WBCs is called ?
Ameboid movement
It is to protect the body against pathogen and remove dead cells and debris from the tissues by phagocytosis.
WBCS
Both of these will induce vasospasm. Or vascular spasm.
Thromboxane from platelet
Endothelin from endothelial cells
• is the accumulation of platelets that can seal up a small break in the blood vessel.
Platelet plug
endothelial cells will also release this very important factor,
Von willebrand factor
endothelial cells will also release this very important factor,
Von willebrand factor
importance of your von Willebrand factor. So, with the collagen exposed, plus the presence of your von Willebrand factor, your platelets will be able to adhere. This is the process called
Platelet adhesion
they form a bridge between the exposed collagen and the platelets.
Von willebrand factor
they form a bridge between the exposed collagen and the platelets.
Von willebrand factor
The platelets on that site will release chemicals such as your
ADP
THROMBOXANE
Once there’s already receptors for fibrinogen on the platelets, the platelets will bind to fibrinogen. This is the process
Platelet aggregation
Stages of blood clotting
Activation of blood clotting factor
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Stages of blood clotting
Activation of blood clotting factor
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
• Prothrombin(inactive) converts to thrombin (active form) through the
Prothrombinase enzyme
blood clotting is the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin through the help of your
Thrombin
o This is the organ that creates or synthesizes your clotting factors.
Liver
cutting factors require what vitamin for synthesis.
Vitamin k
Vitamin K can be synthesized not only taken from the food that we eat but also from the?
Bacteria
chemicals that are found in the blood are your?
Heparin
Antithrombin
Anticoagulants in the blood
o antithrombin
o heparin
Abnormal clots
Thrombus
Embolus
o are clots that are attached at the damaged or diseased areas of the blood vessel.
Thrombus
o this is when the thrombus breaks loose and begins to flow through the circulation
Embolus
two processes to complete the process of hemostasis.
Clot retractions
Fibrinolysis
these 2 are present, it signifies that the platelet is able to contract.
Actin and myosin filaments
So the main actor in the process of fibrinolysis is your
Plasminogen
So the main actor in the process of fibrinolysis is your
Plasminogen
inactive plasma protein, so it has to be converted to its active form
Plasminogen
This is released from the surrounding tissues, and then this can stimulate the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
Tissue plasminogen activator TPA
is a medication that is actually, injected, IV, to the patients who are sus suspected with, blood clots. So they will help dissolve the clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin, and then the plasmin itself will break down the fibrin
Streptokinase
is a medication that is actually, injected, IV, to the patients who are sus suspected with, blood clots. So they will help dissolve the clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin, and then the plasmin itself will break down the fibrin
Streptokinase
