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ANAPHY > ANTIGEN > Flashcards

ANTIGEN Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen?

A

An antigen refers to any substance that the body recognizes as foreign.

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2
Q

What do antibodies do in relation to antigens?

A

Antibodies function as recognizers of antigens and are present in the plasma, floating around to detect foreign substances.

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3
Q

What is agglutination?

A

Agglutination occurs when antibodies detect foreign red blood cells (RBCs) and cause them to clump together, which can be life-threatening.

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4
Q

What is a transfusion reaction?

A

A transfusion reaction happens when a person receives blood that is not of their type.

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5
Q

What are the ABO blood groups based on?

A

The ABO blood groups are based on which of the two antigens, A or B, a person inherits.

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6
Q

What blood type has the absence of both A and B antigens?

A

Type O has the absence of both A and B antigens.

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7
Q

What blood type has both A and B antigens?

A

Type AB has both A and B antigens.

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8
Q

What are the antibodies present in each blood type?

A

Type A has anti-B antibodies, Type B has anti-A antibodies, Type AB has no antibodies, and Type O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

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9
Q

Why is it important to cross-match blood before transfusion?

A

Cross-matching is important to prevent transfusion reactions that can lead to agglutination.

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10
Q

What is the significance of Type AB blood?

A

Type AB is known as the universal recipient because it theoretically has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

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11
Q

What is the significance of Type O blood?

A

Type O is considered the universal donor because it has no antigens.

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12
Q

What is Rh blood grouping based on?

A

Rh blood grouping is based on the presence of the Rh factor, originally identified in Rhesus monkeys.

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13
Q

What happens if there is Rh incompatibility?

A

Rh incompatibility can lead to the destruction of red blood cells, known as hemolysis.

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14
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin into the plasma.

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15
Q

What can cause hemolysis?

A

Hemolysis can occur due to hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, and the presence of anti-Rh antibodies.

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16
Q

What happens when an Rh-negative individual is exposed to Rh-positive blood?

A

The Rh-negative individual will develop anti-Rh antibodies, leading to hemolysis upon subsequent exposure to Rh-positive blood.

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17
Q

What is Rh incompatibility in pregnancy?

A

Rh incompatibility occurs when an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive fetus, leading to potential complications in future pregnancies.

18
Q

What happens during the first pregnancy of an Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive fetus?

A

During the first pregnancy, there is no transfusion reaction as maternal blood does not yet have anti-Rh antibodies.

19
Q

What can happen in subsequent pregnancies if an Rh-negative mother has another Rh-positive child?

A

The mother’s anti-Rh antibodies can cross the placental barrier and attack the Rh-positive child, which can be fatal.

20
Q

• refers to any substance that the body recognizes as foreign.

A

Antigen

21
Q

• occurs when these antibodies will detect foreign RBCs. So what they do is they cause the foreign RBCs to clump together

A

Agglutination

22
Q

• is what happens when a person is being transfused blood that is not of his or her type. Okay.

A

Transfusion reaction

23
Q

absence of both antigens is your

A

Type O

24
Q

Presence of both antigens is

A

Type ab

25
Q

Presence of either a or b antigen

A

Type a or type b

26
Q

Type a has?

A

Antigens

27
Q

Type b has?

A

B antigens

28
Q

Type AB has?

A

Both a and b antigens

29
Q

Type O has?

A

Neither a and b antigens

30
Q

What antibodies is in Type A?

A

B antibodies

31
Q

Antibodies in type b

A

A antibodies

32
Q

Type of antibodies

A

A and B antibodies

33
Q

• is known as the universal recipient because in theory, they should not have any b or a antibodies. However, that is only by theory.

A

Type AB

34
Q

Antibodies in type b

A

A antibodies

35
Q

the universal donor.

A

Type O

36
Q

• So the presence of _________ in your blood will make you Rh positive.

A

Rh antigen

37
Q

if there is incompatibility, Rh incompatibility to be specific, this could lead to the destruction of the red blood cells, otherwise known as your

A

Hemolysis

38
Q

• is the rupture of the red blood cells. What happens is hemoglobin is released into the plasma.

A

Hemolysis

39
Q

What occurs when an rh negative mother has a fetus that is rh positive.

A

 rh incompatibility

40
Q

presence of _________ in your blood will make you Rh positive.

A

RH antigen

41
Q

Wheat happens in hemolysis

A

Hemoglobin is released into the plasma

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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