hematopoietic a&p

Question 1

blood components

Answer 1

plasma
formed elements
   - wbc
   - rbcs
   - platelets

Question 2

3 parts of the plasma

Answer 2

clotting factors
albumin
immunoglobulins

Question 3

blood components job

Answer 3

transportation, regulating temp, fluid balance, ph

Question 4

plasma (in-depth)

Answer 4

55%

• largest component of blood
• yellowish tinge
• transporting medium
• regulates body temp, ph
• becomes warm as it goes thru organs than distributes heat

Question 5

plasma transporting medium

Answer 5

• composed of 91% water

- contains clotting factors, albumin, globulins

Question 6

albumin

Answer 6

blood plasma protein. pulls fluid

Question 7

globulins

Answer 7

immunoglobins

Question 8

leukocytes

Answer 8

wbcs

• main component of immunity
• normal count: 5,000-10,000
• subdivided into 5 types

Question 9

neutrophils

Answer 9

help fight bacteria infection

Question 10

eosinophils

Answer 10

allergic reactions type 1

Question 11

basophils

Answer 11

bone marrow disorder/inflammation

Question 12

lymphocytes

Answer 12

viral infection/chronic infection

• t cells
• b cells

Question 13

monocytes

Answer 13

• chronic infection

Question 14

erythrocytes

Answer 14

rbc

• most populace
• disk-shaped
• contain hemoglobin
• 120 days

Question 15

erthrocytes lab values

Answer 15

rbcs: 4-6 million
- hemoglobin Male: 14-17 gm/dl
Female: 12-15 gm/dl
- hemtocrit
-M: 40-50%
- F: 36-44%

Question 16

thrombocytes

Answer 16

platelets

• formed in bone marrow
• responsible for hemostasis
• controls coagulation
  
  • vascular spasm
  • platelet plug
• normal count: 150,000- 450,000

Question 17

hematopoiesis

utero and adult

Answer 17

• blood formation

in utero

 - initially in rbcs only
- remainder of blood components 

adulthood

 - primarily controlled by bone marrow 
 - spleen aids in production 
 - maturation

Question 18

maturation

Answer 18

cell maturing

• thymus
• bone marrow
• peripheral blood
• tissue

Question 19

hemostasis

Answer 19

• process in which bleeding stops

- multi-stage process

Question 20

hemostasis multi-stage process stages

Answer 20

vasoconstriction

• vessels narrow, decreasing flow to the site of injury
• results in increased bp

platelet plug formation

• activation: chemicals released
• aggregation: plaletes sticking together
• adherence: adhere to the wall- temporarily platlet plug

coagulation

• referred to as clotting cascade
• fibrinogen –> fibrin—> blood clot

Question 21

fibrinogen

Answer 21

mesh network, stable clot

Question 22

changes with age: decrease volume

Answer 22

less blood volume so there is less of a reservoir in the event of blood loss

Question 23

changes with age: decrease bone marrow activity

Answer 23

becomes infiltrated with things like fat and fibrotic tissues

Question 24

changes with age: antibody response

Answer 24

lead to things like a slower response to foreign antigens

Question 25

changes with age: rate of cell production

Answer 25

leads to anemia

Question 26

changes with age: increase platelet aggregation

Answer 26

blood is more prone to coagulate

Question 27

lymphatic system

Answer 27

• main connection to spleen
• located in RUQ
• filters blood, removed pathogens and old blood cells and helps in the producing of lymphocytes
• serves as a reservoir for extra blood
• if removed body accommodates and the spleen and liver take over the function

Question 28

during hemorrhage the spleen:

Answer 28

spleen contracts forced some of the stored blood out of the spleen and into the cardiovascular system

Question 29

physical assessment signs: vital signs

Answer 29

• increase hr

- increase RR

Question 30

physical assessment signs: LOC

Answer 30

irritability

confusion

Question 31

physical assessment signs: skin color

Answer 31

pallor
cyanosis
jaundice

Question 32

physical assessment signs: signs of bleeding

Answer 32

ecchymosis

petechiae

Question 33

physical assessment signs: fingernails

Answer 33

striations
spoon-shaped
clubbing

Question 34

physical assessment signs: abdomen

Answer 34

• increase girth
• changes in BS
• black/tarry stools and coffee ground emesis

Question 35

physical assessment signs: activity intolerance

Answer 35

• increase oxygen demand

Question 36

vasoconstriction

Answer 36

• vessels narrow, decreasing flow to the site of injury

- results in increased bp

Question 37

platelet plug

Answer 37

• activation: chemicals released
• aggregation: plates sticking together
• adherence: adhere to the wall- temporarily platelet plug

Question 38

coagulation

Answer 38

• referred to as clotting cascade

- fibrinogen –> fibrin—> blood clot