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health assessment exam 1 > hematopoietic a&p > Flashcards

hematopoietic a&p Flashcards

1
Q

blood components

A 
plasma
formed elements
   - wbc
   - rbcs
   - platelets
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2
Q

3 parts of the plasma

A

clotting factors
albumin
immunoglobulins

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3
Q

blood components job

A

transportation, regulating temp, fluid balance, ph

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4
Q

plasma (in-depth)

A

55%

  • largest component of blood
  • yellowish tinge
  • transporting medium
  • regulates body temp, ph
  • becomes warm as it goes thru organs than distributes heat
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5
Q

plasma transporting medium

A
  • composed of 91% water

- contains clotting factors, albumin, globulins

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6
Q

albumin

A

blood plasma protein. pulls fluid

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7
Q

globulins

A

immunoglobins

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8
Q

leukocytes

A

wbcs

  • main component of immunity
  • normal count: 5,000-10,000
  • subdivided into 5 types
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9
Q

neutrophils

A

help fight bacteria infection

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10
Q

eosinophils

A

allergic reactions type 1

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11
Q

basophils

A

bone marrow disorder/inflammation

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12
Q

lymphocytes

A

viral infection/chronic infection

  • t cells
  • b cells
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13
Q

monocytes

A
  • chronic infection
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14
Q

erythrocytes

A

rbc

  • most populace
  • disk-shaped
  • contain hemoglobin
  • 120 days
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15
Q

erthrocytes lab values

A

rbcs: 4-6 million
- hemoglobin Male: 14-17 gm/dl
Female: 12-15 gm/dl
- hemtocrit
-M: 40-50%
- F: 36-44%

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16
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets

  • formed in bone marrow
  • responsible for hemostasis
  • controls coagulation
    • vascular spasm
    • platelet plug
  • normal count: 150,000- 450,000
17
Q

hematopoiesis

utero and adult

A
  • blood formation

in utero

 - initially in rbcs only
- remainder of blood components

adulthood

 - primarily controlled by bone marrow 
 - spleen aids in production 
 - maturation
18
Q

maturation

A

cell maturing

  • thymus
  • bone marrow
  • peripheral blood
  • tissue
19
Q

hemostasis

A
  • process in which bleeding stops

- multi-stage process

20
Q

hemostasis multi-stage process stages

A

vasoconstriction

  • vessels narrow, decreasing flow to the site of injury
  • results in increased bp

platelet plug formation

  • activation: chemicals released
  • aggregation: plaletes sticking together
  • adherence: adhere to the wall- temporarily platlet plug

coagulation

  • referred to as clotting cascade
  • fibrinogen –> fibrin—> blood clot
21
Q

fibrinogen

A

mesh network, stable clot

22
Q

changes with age: decrease volume

A

less blood volume so there is less of a reservoir in the event of blood loss

23
Q

changes with age: decrease bone marrow activity

A

becomes infiltrated with things like fat and fibrotic tissues

24
Q

changes with age: antibody response

A

lead to things like a slower response to foreign antigens

25
Q

changes with age: rate of cell production

A

leads to anemia

26
Q

changes with age: increase platelet aggregation

A

blood is more prone to coagulate

27
Q

lymphatic system

A
  • main connection to spleen
  • located in RUQ
  • filters blood, removed pathogens and old blood cells and helps in the producing of lymphocytes
  • serves as a reservoir for extra blood
  • if removed body accommodates and the spleen and liver take over the function
28
Q

during hemorrhage the spleen:

A

spleen contracts forced some of the stored blood out of the spleen and into the cardiovascular system

29
Q

physical assessment signs: vital signs

A
  • increase hr

- increase RR

30
Q

physical assessment signs: LOC

A

irritability

confusion

31
Q

physical assessment signs: skin color

A

pallor
cyanosis
jaundice

32
Q

physical assessment signs: signs of bleeding

A

ecchymosis

petechiae

33
Q

physical assessment signs: fingernails

A

striations
spoon-shaped
clubbing

34
Q

physical assessment signs: abdomen

A
  • increase girth
  • changes in BS
  • black/tarry stools and coffee ground emesis
35
Q

physical assessment signs: activity intolerance

A
  • increase oxygen demand
36
Q

vasoconstriction

A
  • vessels narrow, decreasing flow to the site of injury

- results in increased bp

37
Q

platelet plug

A
  • activation: chemicals released
  • aggregation: plates sticking together
  • adherence: adhere to the wall- temporarily platelet plug
38
Q

coagulation

A
  • referred to as clotting cascade

- fibrinogen –> fibrin—> blood clot

health assessment exam 1 (5 decks)

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