hematopoiesis

Question 1

stages of erythropoiesis

Answer 1

1. proerythroblast- Uniformly light, spherical
   nucleus with thin rim of medium
   to dark blue cytoplasm.
2. basophilic erythroblast- Fractured, spherical nucleus and thin rim of dark blue cytoplasm.
3. polychromatic normoblast- Darkening, fractured ,spherical nucleus and mixed pools of grey and
   blue cytoplasm.
4. orthochromic normoblast- Dark, small, spherical nucleus blue – grey cytoplasm.
5. reticulocyte- special stain
6. rbc.

Question 2

leukopoiesis

Answer 2

Leukopoiesis
• Stimulated by chemical messengers from bone marrow
and mature WBCs
– Macrophages and T cells are the most important sources of
cytokines
– Interleukins (e.g., IL-1, IL-2)
– Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) named for the WBC type
they stimulate (e.g., granulocyte-CSF stimulates granulocytes)
• All leukocytes originate from hemocytoblasts
• Hemocytoblasts differentiate into myeloid stem cells
and lymphoid stem cells
– Myeloid stem cells become myeloblasts or monoblasts
• Granulocytes form from myeloblasts
• Monoblasts enlarge and form monocytes
– Lymphoid stem cells become lymphoblasts
• Lymphoblasts develop into lymphocytes

Question 3

Granulopoiesis

Answer 3

1. myeloblast- Large, oval nucleus with 1-2 nucleoli,
   large amount of light blue cytoplasm
   without granulation.
   No cypoplasmic granules.
2. promyelocyte- Large, oval, non-indented nucleus,
   large amount of sky blue cytoplasm
   with non-specific granules.

3.myelocyte Large, oval, non-indented nucleus,
large amount of cytoplasm with
specific and non-specific granules.

4. metamyelocyte Oval to kidney bean-shaped,
   indented nucleus, grey mature
   cytoplasm with a weak blue tent.
5. band/ stab neutophil- Horse-shoe shaped, darkening
   nucleus, grey mature cytoplasm.
6. segmented neutrophil-Lobulated, dark nucleus, mature grey cytoplasm with small granules

Question 4

monopoiesis

Answer 4

monoblast- Moderately basophilic to blue- gray. Nongranular. 1-2 nucleoli.

promonocyte- Blue-gray cytoplasm. May contain
fine dustlike azurophilic granules.
Ground glass appearance.

monocyte- Abundant, blue-gray cytoplasm.
Outline may be irregular because of the
presence of pseudopods. Fine
azurophilic granules. Vacuoles may be
present.

macrophages- Terminal stage of monocyte-macrophage line differentiation. Located in tissues.

Question 5

HowellJollybody

Answer 5

Nuclear remnant DNA
Megaloblastos anaemia
Splenectomy or spleen
hypofunction
Sever hemolytic anemia
Herediterspherocytosis

Question 6

burrcells / echinocytes

Answer 6

Alteredlipid in cell membrane
Artifact
Uremia
Piruvate kinase deficiency
Aged transfused RBC

Question 7

Schistocytes (helmetcells)

Answer 7

FragmentedRBCs
(mechanicalinfluenceor
phagocytosis)
DIC;TTP;HUS
Vasculitis
Prostheticheartvalve
Severeburns

Question 8

Spherocyta

Answer 8

Absent centralpallor
Looks smaller
Hereditary spherocytosis
Immune hemolyticanemia

Question 9

Stomatocyte

Answer 9

Mouth like
Membrane defect
Smear artifact
Hereditary stomatocytosis

Question 10

target cells

Answer 10

Hemoglobinopathies
Thalassemia
Obstructive liverdisease
Iron deficiencyanemia