Hematopoiesis Flashcards
What is hematopoiesis? Where does this occur throughout life?
formation of blood cells, this occurs during 5th week of gestation. Spleen and live and then in the bone marrow.
What are the major types of blood cells?
- erythrocyte
- thrombocyte
- leukocyte (myeloid and lymphoid origin)
Discuss the development of the cell lineages starting at pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cell»hemocytoblast» erythroblast, myeloblast, lymphoblast, monoblast, megakaryoblast.
Erythroblast» erythrocyte
Myeloblast» granulocytes (eosin, neutro, baso)
Lymphoblast»agranulocytes»lymphocytes
Monoblast» agranulocytes»monocyte
Megakaryoblast»megakarycyte»thrombocytes
What are the regulators of blood cells?
-growth factor: a protein capable of stimulating cellular prolif. and cellular differentiation ex. cytokines and hormones
Cytokine: associated with hematopoietic cells and immune system cells.
What are the abbreviations of the regulators of blood cells- growth factors and cytokines
Tpo- thrombopoietin
GM-CSF= granulocyte mf-colony stimulating factor
Epo= erythropoietin
G-CSF= granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
What does thrombopoietin do?
helps myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes
What does erythropoietin do?
- regulates maturation from a myeloid progenitor to become an erythrocyte
- produced in kidney , 10% from liver
** if you see reticulocytes you know the bone marrow is responding well.
- -sense and regulate the O2 carrying capacity of the blood.
- in reduced (increased) oxygen in the blood:
- incerased (reduced) EPO
- increased (reduced) erythrocytes in the bone marrow
what does G-CSF do?
involved in the proliferation and maturation of granulocytes (neutro, eosino, and baso) and stem cells in bone marrow.
What does GM-CSF do?
- cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor
- stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes and monocytes
clinical significance: medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy
What are the blood tissues two components?
Formed elements: RBC, WBC, and platelets
Plasma: aqueous medium, containing proteins (albumin) small molecules and ions
What do the nuclei of Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils look like on blood smear?
- neutro: 2-5 lobes, fine chromatin threads
- eosinophils: bi-lobed (bright red/orange)
- Basophils: irregular and multi-lobulated nuclei
What are the agranulocytes?
monocytes and lymphocytes
What are the peripheral mfs?
Liver: kupfer cells
Brain: microglia
Tissues: histiocytes
What is the shape of monocyte nuclues?
kidney bean shaped
