hematopoiesis Flashcards

Question

Characteristics of Reticulocyte (polychromasia) in erythropoiesis

Answer 1

Nuclear Contains ribosomal material which gives the cell a blue-purple appearance when stained Macrocytic Seen as polychromasia on Wright's stain Seen as aggregated material with a reticulocyte stain (dark blue)

Answer 2

Anuclear No ribosomal remnants remaining Cytoplasm is pink due to mature Hgb

Answer 3

The production of thrombocytes (platelets) Triggered by thrombopoietin as well as several other cytokines

Answer 4

Trombopotiten is primarily produced in the liver Small amounts are also produced in the kidneys and bone marrow

Answer 5

Larger than other blast cells in the bone marrow Contains a single nucleus Very basophilic, scant cytoplasm

Answer 6

Contains 2-4 nuclei- nuclei continue to replicate Nuclear lobes remain connected Cytoplasm does not divide and consists of a rim around the nuclear mass

Answer 7

Extremely large (50-200 micrometres in diameter) at maturity Numerous nuclear lobes are present Cytoplasm is abundant, pale blue and contains reddish granules The cytoplasm extends into thin, finger like projections that become platelets as they get sheared off of the cell

Answer 8

This is the stage at which platelets leave the bone marrow They are not true cells→ they are fragments of the megakaryocytes cytoplasm There is a great deal of variation in size and shape of platelets

Answer 9

Species such as reptiles, amphibians, and birds whose platelets possess nuclei, follow a different maturation phase than mammals There Is are true thrombocytes (unlike platelets)- they are true cells

Answer 10

Classified by the presence or absence of granules Agranulocytes- lymphocytes and monocytes Granulocytes- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Answer 11

Refers to the production of granulocytes Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils These cells have a segmented nucleus

Answer 12

the hormone leukopoietin as well as several other cytokines

Answer 13

Proliferation pool Maturation pool

Answer 14

These cells are capable of mitosis Includes myeloblasts, promyelocytes and myelocytes

Answer 15

These cells can no longer divide Includes metamyelocytes and band cells

Answer 16

The following maturation series is in regards to the neutrophilic series Eosinophils and basophils follow the same developmental stages, though the colour of the granules varies

Answer 17

Produced exclusively in active bone marrow of healthy, adult animals In young animals, some production will occur in the spleen With chronic inflammatory disease, production of neutrophils will occur in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes of adults

Answer 18

Large cell Round to oval nucleus Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli A few reddish granules may present in the cytoplasm Pale gray-blue cytoplasm Difficult to distinguish from other primitive blast cells Larger and lighter in colour than rubriblasts

Answer 19

Slightly smaller and lighter than myeloblasts Contain azurophilic granules (pink or purple) Occasionally nuclei may be present- will be less prominent than in the myeloblast More cytoplasm than myeloblast

Answer 20

Slightly smaller and lighter in colour than promyelocytes Nucleus is round and eccentrically placed Nu nucleoli Granules are visible as neutrophilic, eosinophilic or basophilic

Answer 21

Similar to the myelocyte but nucleus is indented Lighter coloured cytoplasm Can no longer undergo cell division

Answer 22

Same colour as the mature segmented neutrophil Nucleus is indeed to the point of being “U-shaped” with parallel sides and clubbed ends

Answer 23

purple/lavender coloured nucleus Nucleus is segmented Granules may or may not be distinct Hypersegmented neutrophils- as cells age, the number of lobes of the nucleus increase- if >5 segments are present, the cells is classified as hypersegmented

Answer 24

The narrowest region of the nucleus needs to be less than or equal to 2/3 of the width widest part of the nucleus to be classified as a segmented neutrophil (as opposed to a band cell)

Answer 25

Because cells develop in a specific sequence, you won't see a stage skipped on the smear If you are seeing myelocytes as well as mature neutrophils on a smear, you will see all of the stages in between There should always be a greater number of the most mature stages of cells unless the animal is very ill- left shifts In healthy animals, you should only see segmented neutrophils an a few, if any band cells ALWAYS categorize the cell by the more mature stage when you are unsure. The only time we count disintegrating cells is when they total more than 10 % of the WBCs counted

Answer 26

the amount of time needed for the myeloblast to mature into a segmented neutrophil In a healthy animal, normal transit time is 7 days When stimulated due to inflammation, it can be as little as 2 days

Answer 27

the amount of time between the release of the cell into blood and its arrival in tissue In healthy animals, about 6-10 hours The neutrophil pool is renewed 2-3 times per day Samples down a few hours apart can be very different

Answer 28

The same pluripotent stem cell as the granulocytic cells

Answer 29

Inst responsive to an infection in the way the neutrophilic series is Only rarely overcome by a neoplastic disorders Won't be seen unless you do bone marrow worm

Answer 30

Located in the bone marrow Similar to appearance to myeloblasts but have an irregularly shaped nucleus

Answer 31

Located in the bone marrow Similar in appearance to myelocytes and metamyelocytes

Answer 32

Mature monocytes move into peripheral blood May develop into macrophages if exposed to specific cytokines

Answer 33

Triggered by cytokines and antibodies Starts with the common lymphoid precursor stem cell Found in the bone marrow Differentiate into T-lymphocyte, NK precursor or B-lymphocytes precursor

Answer 34

High nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (N:C ratio)–the cell is comprised mostly of the nucleus, very little cytoplasm present Oval to indented, eccentrically placed nucleus Dark blue cytoplasm

Answer 35

Decreased N:C ratio– cytoplasm makes up a greater volume of the cell Large nucleoli Lighter staining cytoplasm

Answer 36

Round to slightly indented nuclei Dense, relatively smooth chromatin Small amount of basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 37

In the bone marrow or ileal Peyer’s patches in dogs, pigs and ruminants Bursa of Fabricius in birds

Answer 38

T-lymphocytes mature in the thymus Natural Killer cells mature in the bone marrow Can also develop in the thymus and other lymphoid tissue Immature stages may be seen in the peripheral blood due to neoplastic disease–relatively common in cats Usually we would only note that immature stages are present (this along with c/s & Hx are diagnostic)

Answer 39

Usually due to a virally-induced neoplastic disorder These cells are usually seen at the feathered edge They will be abnormal in size &/or colour May see nucleoli May contain mitotic figures (cells that are seen to be dividing)