Hematolymphatic Flashcards
What is hematopoiesis?
Production of blood cells
What is erythopoiesis?
Production of red blood cells (RBCs)
What is granulopoiesis?
Production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
What is thrombopoiesis?
Production of platelets.
What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults?
Bone marrow
What is the most common site of extramedullary hematopoiesis?
Spleen
What is extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)?
Blood cell production outside of the bone marrow.
How does bone marrow composition change with age?
Shift from hematopoietic tissue (red marrow) to adipose tissue (yellow marrow)
What does the colour of bone marrow depend on?
The color of the bone marrow is dependent on the ratio between hematopoietic tissue (red) and adipose tissue (yellow).
Hematopoietic tissue is highly…
proliferative
All blood cells are derived from…
a common pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
What is the earliest commitment a pluripotent stem cell makes in the process of hematopoiesis?
The earliest commitment is to either the lymphoid or myeloid line.
How many lineages arise from the myeloid stem cell?
3
Hematopoietic stem cells are capable of ____ and can repopulate the ____.
self-renewal, bone marrow
What are the sequential divisions that hematopoetic stem cells undergo?
Stem cell → committed cells → maturing cells → mature cells.
Arrange the following cells in order of their lifespan (short to long):
- Platelets
- Erythrocytes
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes < neutrophils < platelets < erythrocytes
What controls hematopoesis?
Control of hematopoiesis is under local and systemic control with many redundancies = Response is rapid and predictable.
In healthy animals, production and turnover of blood cells are…
balanced
Increased numbers of immature neutrophils in circulation is known as a…
“left shift”
What is a left shift?
Increased numbers of immature neutrophils in circulation.
What type of anemia is caused by bone marrow injury?
Non-regenerative anemia
What type of anemia is caused by insults to peripheral blood?
Regenerative anemia
What will happen if pluripotent stem cells are damaged?
Multiple cell lines affected (pancytopenia)
What is pancytopenia?
Reduced numbers of all blood cells.
What will happen if differentiated stem cells are damaged?
One cell line is affected
What is cytopenia?
Deficiency in blood cells
What are terms for increased concentrations of blood cells?
“cytosis” and “philia”
What does increased cellularity of bone marrow look like?
More red marrow.
