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NURS 324 Pathophysiology > Hematology Lecture # 2 > Flashcards

Hematology Lecture # 2 Flashcards

1
Q

this type of anemia results from a deficiency of iron

A

iron deficiency anemia

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2
Q

Normocytic-Normochromic anemias are characterized by what ?

A

red blood cells that are relatively normal in size and hemoglobin content but insufficient in number

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3
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

bone marrow does not produce RBC

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4
Q

Pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets).

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5
Q

acquired hemolytic anemia

A

autoimmune destruction of red blood cells

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6
Q

SCD

A

sickle cell disease

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7
Q

What is sickle cell disease ?

A

Group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders

includes sickle cell trait, sickle cell anemia, and sickle cell thalassemia

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8
Q

sickle cell anemia leads to the pr_m__t__e destruction of _________

A

premature; red blood cells

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9
Q

SCD is characterized by an abnormal form of

A

hemoglobin (Hgb)

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10
Q

only available cure for SCD

A

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - this is a bone marrow transplant through transfusion of stem cells

  • it is not always successful and is a treatment everyone can have
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11
Q

only time we give erythropoietin as a treatment for SCD

A

anemia due to renal failure

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12
Q

Neutropenia

A

An abnormally low count of a neutrophils

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13
Q

Neutropenia assessment - watch for changes in

A

temperature especially.- we will look for subtle signs of infection

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14
Q

if patient is neutropenic, we are especially concerned about

A

infections

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15
Q

What are the different blood groups ?

A

A, B, AB, O

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16
Q

What is most important aspect about giving blood?

A

Must be a match

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17
Q

Which type of blood is the universal recipient ?

A

Type AB

18
Q

Which type of blood is the universal donor ?

A

Type O

19
Q

What is Rh?

A

Rhesus factor. This is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If your blood has the protein, you’re Rh positive. If your blood lacks the protein, you’re Rh negative.

20
Q

Those with blood type A will have what kind of antibodies ?

A

B antibodies

21
Q

Those with blood type O have what kind of antibodies ?

A

A and B antibodies

22
Q

If your red blood cells have the Rh factor, then you are

A

Rh positive

23
Q

If your red blood cells do not have the Rh factor then you are

A

Rh negative

24
Q

If you’re Rh negative and your baby is Rh positive, there’s a potential for your body to produce ___________-__that could be harmful during a subsequent pregnancy.

A

antibodies

25
Q

PRBC

A

Packed Red Blood cells - only red blood cells are transfused. Given to patients who are anemic, whose oxygen carrying capacity is low.

Not given to a patient who is hypovolemic

26
Q

If you need to expand blood volume, you give

A

Normal saline , lactated Ringers

27
Q

FFP

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma

28
Q

What does Fresh Frozen Plasma provide ?

A

Clotting factors

29
Q

FFP is used in

A

DIC, massive bleeding, end-stage liver diseases, Vit K deficiency, Warfarin overdose, acute reversal of Warfarin anticoagulation

30
Q

Cryoprecipitate -

what does it contain?

A

concentrated source of certain plasma proteins prepared from FFP
Contains clotting factors including fibrinogen

31
Q

Administration of blood is one of the most ___________ things we do in nursing

A

dangerous

32
Q

True or false.

The administration of blood and blood components can be delegated to unlicensed staff.

A

False

Because administration of blood and blood components has such a high potential risk for serious adverse effects, it is NEVER DELEGATED to unlicensed staff

33
Q

The nurse needs to verify blood transfusion bags with another nurse. True or false

A

True.

two nurses must read the numbers to each other

34
Q

everyone who gets a blood product needs a

A

consent

35
Q

who is responsible for obtaining informed consent from the patient, family, and/or guardian ?

A

The patients primary care provider

36
Q

prior to administering a transfusion, what is the RN responsible for ?

A

Making sure that informed consent is documented in the patients record

37
Q

before we start the blood transfusion, what do we need to do ?

A

Check patient ID and verify order
check labels on blood bag and blood bank transfusion record
check crossmatch record with 2 nurses:
ABO group, Rh type, patients name, ID blood band, hospital #, expiration date

38
Q

transfusion reactions usually occur within

A

the first 10-15 minutes or first 50 ml of blood

39
Q

with all transfusion reactions, what should you do?

A

STOP BLOOD, maintain line with N.S.

40
Q

transfusion reactions can be

A

allergic, febrile, hemolytic

NURS 324 Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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