Blood

Question 1

What is hematocrit? Does it vary?

Answer 1

volume of RBC/ total volume

It is a ratio that tells the volume of red blood cells someone has relative to their total blood volume

Yes it does vary- as in polycythemia (high RBC count) and anemia (low rbc count)

Question 2

This is the oxygen carrying protein of the erythrocyte?

Answer 2

Hemoglobin

Question 3

What substance stimulates RBC maturation in bone ?

Answer 3

Erythropoietin

Question 4

What is fibrinolysis ?

Answer 4

Clot dissolution

Question 5

Coagulation Cascade is also known as the

Answer 5

clotting cascade

Question 6

A platelet plug is formed when ?

Answer 6

When there is damage to the vasculature

Question 7

The production of platelets is controlled by ……..

Answer 7

thrombomodulin

Question 8

How long do platelets live ?

Answer 8

About one week

Question 9

Where are platelets produced ?

Answer 9

Produced in liver, kidney, bone marrow, smooth muscle

Question 10

Circulate in a quiescent state - what does this mean?

Answer 10

That platelets circulate in the blood in an inactivated state . They become activated when there is damage to the vasculature

Question 11

Platelets have an outer layer of

Answer 11

glycoproteins

Question 12

What kind of substances do the granules of platelets store and secrete?

Answer 12

Delta granules store and secrete numerous substances including ADP, Ca2+, TXA2, histamine, serotonin

Alfa granules contain fibrinogen, Factors V and VIII, growth factors, plasminogen

Question 13

The coagulation system consists of plasma proteins that are present in the blood in what kind of form ?

Answer 13

In an inactive form

Question 14

In the coagulation system, the activation of one factor, or protein, activates the next one in line in a ___________ effect.

What does it ensure ?

Answer 14

cascade

This process ensures that we do not have an activation of the cascade by chance

Question 15

Most of the coagulation system proteins are produced where ?

Answer 15

In the liver

Question 16

True or false….. there are natural anticoagulation factors within the body in order to prevent the clotting cascade from activating when it shouldn’t

Answer 16

true.

Question 17

natural anticoagulation factors:

Endothelium produces ________ which convert plasminogen to plasmin that breaks down the fibrin

Answer 17

tPA

Question 18

Which substance converts plasminogen to plasmin?

Answer 18

tPA

Question 19

Natural Anticoagulation factors: ___________ III with heparin as a cofactor degrades thrombin, FIXa, FXa, FXIa, and FXIIa

Answer 19

Antithrombin

Question 20

Natural Anticoagulation factors: _____________ in tandem with thrombin activate protein C, (a major anticoagulant), which degrades factors Va and VIIIa

Answer 20

Thrombomodulin

Question 21

Natural Anticoagulation Factors :

PgI2 and NO are potent vasodilators and inhibit _____________ activation and _________

Answer 21

platelet; aggregation

Question 22

Natural Anticoagulation Factors:
_____________ prevents plt. from coming in contact with subendothelial collagen tissue and activating the cascade system

Answer 22

Endothelium - the blood vessel itself made up of tightly packed endothelial cells

Question 23

What are the phases of hemostasis ?

Answer 23

Subendothelial Exposure 
Adhesion 
Activation
Aggregation 
Platelet plug formation 
Clot retraction and clot dissolution

Question 24

Adhesion phase of hemostasis requires ____________ factor to start plugging the breach and to activate other platelets

Answer 24

von Willebrand

Question 25

ADP & TxA2 increase aggregation of additional platelets form a ________ ______

Answer 25

platelet plug

Question 26

This drug blocks irreversibly the formation of TxA2.

What is TxA2 needed for ?

Answer 26

Aspirin

TxA2 is needed to increase the aggregation of additional platelets in order to form a platelet plug

Question 27

Plavix and Ticlid block the ADP receptor, thereby preventing ____________________

Answer 27

aggregation of platelets

Question 28

What is the final result, or end goal, of the coagulation cascade?

Answer 28

Final result is the conversion of the circulating fibrinogen to fibrin strands which will stabilize the clot and close the breach in the blood vessel

Question 29

The conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin is regulated by _________________

Answer 29

thrombin

Question 30

Thrombin is formed from ____________ under the effect of activated factor X and calcium

Answer 30

prothrombin

Question 31

the lysis of a blood clot, or the breakdown of the fibrin strands, is done by

Answer 31

plasmin