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CM2 Exam1 > Hematology- Jaynstein (Red Bold) > Flashcards

Hematology- Jaynstein (Red Bold) Flashcards

1
Q

If H & H are low, what does this mean and what is the next thing we check?

A

Anemia (decrease in # RBCs) and then we check MCV

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2
Q

Normal Hgb range for males? For females?

A

13-16 & 12-15

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3
Q

Normal Hct range for males? For females?

A

41-50 & 36-44

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4
Q

What does macrocytic anemia mean?

A

MCV > 100

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5
Q

Two types of macrocytic anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 (penicious anemia) and folate deficiency

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6
Q

What does microcytic anemia mean?

A

MCV <80

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7
Q

What does normocytic anemia mean?

A

MCV 80-100

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8
Q

What are the types of microcytic anemia?

A

IDA, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic (lead poisioinig)

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9
Q

What is a reticulocyte count?

A

of immature RBCs (marker of if the bone marrow is working or not)

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10
Q

What is a normal platelet count?

A

100,000-450,000

<150,000 is low

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11
Q

Name three causes of anemia

A
  • RBC loss
  • Decreased RBC production
  • Increased RBC destruction
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12
Q

Name a few symptoms of anemia

A
  • Fatigue
  • Tachycardia
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Dyspnea on exertion
  • Pallor
  • Bone Tenderness
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13
Q

What does normochromic mean?

A

MCH is 26-34 or MCHC is 31-37%

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14
Q

What does hypochromic mean?

A

MCH <26 or MCHC is <31%

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15
Q

What does hyperchromic mean?

A

MCH >34 or MCHC is >37

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16
Q

What disease does this apply to? “If you have a finger and they have a butt, you need to check”

A

IDA (DRE looking for GI bleed)

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17
Q

Ferritin and transferrin are LOW in what disease?

A

IDA

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18
Q

TIBC is HIGH in which disease?

A

IDA

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19
Q

Which disease shows target cells on a blood smear?

A

Thalassemia

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20
Q

A disease in which there are normal iron studies and microcytic anemia, bone marrow shows ringed sideroblasts in what disease?

A

Sideroblastic Anemia

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21
Q

If a basic led level is > or equal to _______ and a patient is asymptomatic, what should we do?

A

> 45 = Treat! Always treat over 45

Chelation therapy

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22
Q

If a basic led level is >or equal to 70 what should we do?

A

Hospital & Chelation therapy

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23
Q

What disease goes with pernicious anemia? What type of anemia is this?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency & macrocytic anemia

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24
Q

What symptoms may someone with Vitamin B12 deficiency have?

A

Anemia symptoms + CNS symptoms like loss of vibratory sense

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25
Q

If prescribing methotrexate, sulfa or phenytoins, what other thing should we give?

A

Folate supplements

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26
Q

If H& H is low and MCV is normal, what is the next test should we order?

A

Retic count

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27
Q

If we check MCV and its normal and then we check retic count and its high, what type of anemia are we looking at? And what test should we do?

A

Haemolytic anemia & blood smear

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28
Q

If retic count is normal or low, the next thing we ask is h/o underlying chronic disease or renal failure? If yes, then what?

A

Eval for anemia of chronic disease or chronic renal failure

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29
Q

If retic count is normal or low, the next thing we ask is h/o underlying chronic disease or renal failure? If no, then what?

A

Bone marrow exam

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30
Q

If we do a bone marrow exam and its normal, then what?

A

Anemia of chronic renal failure or anemia of chronic disease

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31
Q

If we do a bone marrow exam and its abnormal, then what?

A

Anaplastic anemia, ineffective erythropoesis or myeloplastic anemia

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32
Q

This disease leads to frequent infections?

A

Anaplastic anemia

“Anna plays with dirty people” (Anna-plastic)

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33
Q

This disease shows pancytopenia on labs?

A

Anaplastic anemia

“Anna plays with dirty people so all her cells are low” (Anna-plastic-pancytopenia)

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34
Q

This disease causes an elevated reticulocyte count?

A

Hemolytic anemia

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35
Q

This disease causes episodic hemolytic anemia?

A

G-6-P (dashes in G6P make it seem intermittent to remember)

36
Q

When labs show Heinz Bodies, you should think of what?

A

G-6-P deficiency

H comes after G in alphabet

37
Q

Labs showing sickle cells and Howell Jolly Bodies should make you think of which disease?

A

Sickle Cell

38
Q

Petichae measure

A

less than 3 cm

39
Q

Purpura measure

40
Q

Ecchymosis measure

41
Q

What are three things that cause the body to have low platelets (aka thrombocytopenia)

A
  1. Decreased platelet production
  2. Increased platelet production
  3. Other (sepsis, blood loss)
42
Q

This type of thrombocytopenia is common in KIDS after a viral infection?

A

ITP (idiopathoic thrombocytic purpura)

43
Q

When you see an enzyme defect ADAMTS13 think of what disease?

A

TTP (thrombocytic thrombocytopnenic purpura)

TTP mostly in adults so ADam13 and ADults

44
Q

Eval for a kid with diarrhea but also renal failure?

A

HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)

45
Q

This triad goes with which disease?
Thrombocytopenia
Renal Failure
Hemolytic anemia

A

HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)

46
Q

HELLP Syndrome stands for what?

A

H-emolysis, E-levated L-iver enzymes, and a L-ow P-latelet count

47
Q

This disease typically occurs in combo with pre-eclampsia in pregnant women

48
Q

When you hear RUQ pain in a pregnant woman, think of what?

49
Q

This disease involves simultaneously bleeding and clotting and bleeding from MULTIPLE SITES

A

DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)

50
Q

You should stop heparin if you have this disease?

A

HIT (Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia)

51
Q

What is the most common congenital coagulopathy?

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease

52
Q

Hemophilia A does not produce which factor?

A

Factor VIII (8)

Ate

53
Q

Hemophilia B does not produce which factor?

A

Factor IX (9)

54
Q

In this disease, the liver produces all coag factors except factor _______?

A

Factor VIII (8)

Late (liver + eight)

55
Q

The liver produces all coagulation factors except factor VIII in which disease?

A

Coagulopathy of Liver Disease

56
Q

Vitamin K is necescary for synthesis of which factors?

A

Factors 2, 7, 9, 10

57
Q

which disease is the most common inherited form of coagulopathy, affecting between 3 and 8 percent of Caucasians

A

Factor V Leiden

58
Q

After taking a hot shower, a patient complaints of uncontrolled, diffuse pruritis without rash. This correlates to which disease?

A

Polycythemia Vera

59
Q

When you think of lupus, think of this clotting disorder

60
Q

Hallmark finding of this disease is Hct >60%

A

Polycythemia Vera

61
Q

Treatment for IDA

A

diet, ferrous sulfate, IV

62
Q

Treatment for THalassemia

63
Q

What to avoid in thalessemia

A

IRON or SULFA

64
Q

Only cure for Thalessemia

A

Stem cell transplant

65
Q

Sideroblastic tx

A

No tx or blood transfusion

66
Q

Treatment for anemia of chronic dz

A

Treat based on comorbidity

OR transfusions or epo

67
Q

Treatment for mild aplastic anemia

A

blood/platelet transfusions

68
Q

Treatment for severe aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow transplant and poor prognosis

69
Q

Treatment for hemolytic anemia

A

transfusions

70
Q

Treatment for G-6-P

A

AVOID known oxidative stresses (Sulfa, dapsone)

71
Q

Treatment for sickle cell

A

no cure or tx pain for crisis

72
Q

Prophylaxis for sickle cell

A

Hydroxyurea

73
Q

Treatment for ITP in children

74
Q

Treatment for ITP in adults

A

Platelets >20k no tx

Platelets <20k prednisone, IVIG, transfusions

75
Q

Treatment for TTP

A

EMERGENT- Admit, corticosteroids, pRBCs, plasmapharesis, vWF, ASA, splenectomy

76
Q

Treatment for HUS

A

EMERGENT- Admit, corticosteroids, pRBCs, plasmapharesis, vWF, ASA, splenectomy (SAME AS TTP)

77
Q

You should avoid abx in which condition?

78
Q

Treatment for HELLP

A

Delivery >34 wks

Treat pre-eclampsia

79
Q

Treatment for DIC

A

Hospitalize

  • Supportive care (ABCD)
  • Treat underlying disorder
  • pRBCs
  • Heparin
80
Q

Treatment for HIT

A

Stop HEPARIN, NOT WARFARIN, replace with another anticoag (hospitalize)

81
Q

Treatment for Von Willebrands

A

Most mild and no tx

Avoid ASA

If surgery, Desmopressin

82
Q

Tx for hemophilia

A

Avoid ASA and NSAIDS

Give their factor prophylactically or blood transfusions

83
Q

Treatment for coagulopathy of liver disease

A

FFP transfusion

84
Q

Treatment for Vitamin K deficiency

85
Q

Treatment for clotting disorders (APS, Factor V Leiden, Protein C, Protein S)

A

Acute: Heparin
Prevent: ASA, anticoags
Avoid OCP

86
Q

Treatment for polythycemia very

A

Phlebotomy

CM2 Exam1 (6 decks)

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