hematology intro Flashcards
EDTA-purple/lavendar top
Chelates calcium
Mammal cbcs
Best preservation of cell detail
Sodium heparin
green top
Binds and potentiates AT-III
Used for reptile and bird CBCs
Less optimal staining
Citrate-light blue top
Binds calcium-more reversible than EDTA
Used for coagulation
handling samples
Mix by gently invert
Make 1-2 blood smears immediately
If sending to reference lab, fresh or anti coagulated blood
Dry blood smear rapidly
Leave one slide unstained
Romanowsky stain
Diff quik, wright-giemsa
Alcohol based
acidic components
RNA
blue
Basic components
Basic
Stain pink
Hgb, proteins,eos granules
Metachromatic
Purple
DNA, plt, mast cell granules
New methylene blue
Does not fix cells
Water based
Stain not permanent
Evaluation of reticulop yetis, Heinz bodies, mast cell granules, fungal organisms
Measures of RBC mass
HCT, RBC count , Hgb conc
Decreased RBC mass
anemia
Increased RBC mass
Erythrycytosis/polycythemia
Hgb concentration
Measured spectrophotometrically and directly, very accurate
Artifacts: Heinz bodies, hemolysis, lipemia- increase Hgb
MCV
Mean cell volume
Description of RBC size with or without anemia
Helps prioritize cause of anemia
Measured by analyzer
Increase mcv
macrocytic
Decreased MCV
microcytic
MCHC
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
Calculated from HCT, RBC count, and HGb conc
Indicate cell color
Decreasde mchc
too little Hgb
hypochromic
Increased mchc
hyperchromic
always an artifact
Normal mchc
normochromic
RDW
Red cell distribution width
Variability of RBC size
Increased with microcytosis and macrocytosis
Measured
Early I dictator of regeneration esp eq
Reticulocyte count
Immature RBC, released early from BM in response to anemia
Equivalent to poly
Indictator of BM erythroid regeneration
Leukogram
WBC count
Differential
Morphology
Total WBC count
Measured
Artifacts: WBC clumping/lysis, Nucleated RBC
Differential WBC count
100-200 WBC counted
Use absolute numbers instead of percentages
Platelet count
Automated count-10% error
Cats, cows, pigs, and mice-platelet clumping-decrease platelet count
Difficult blood draw -small clots from release of tissue factor-decrease platelet count
EDTA induced platelet clumping in horses
Cats variable size platelets-May be confused with RBC
Mean platelet volume
Large platelets are released from BM during responsive thrombopoiesis
Plateletcrit PCT
% blood volume taken up by platelets
Calculated
Assessment of circulating platelet mass
Plasma protein and fibrinogen
Cell free component of blood
Contains abundant proteins plus other things
Normally clear to light yellow
Refractometry
Fibrinogen-measure of infl-LA
Decreased fibrinogen-DIC
