HEMATOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards
OF THE FOLLOWING THIS IS THE ONLY COMPLETE BLOOD CELL
LYMPHOCYTES
A 44 Y/O FEMALE HAS IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA. WHAT ARE HER SYMPTOMS?
PETECHIA AND MUCOSAL BLEEDING
A 44 Y/O FEMALE HAS IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA. WHAT WILL THE LAB FINDINGS REVEAL?
DECREASED PLATELET COUNT
THE WASTE PRODUCT BILIRUBIN IS PRODUCED FROM
PORTIONS OF HEME MOLECULES THAT DONT CONTAIN IRON
ERYTHROPOIESIS INCREASES WHEN
OXYGEN LEVELS IN THE BLOOD DECREASE
MOST OF THE IRON THAT IS REMOVED FROM DEGRADED HEMOGLOBIN IS
RECYCLED TO THE BONE MARROW
THE FUNCTION OF RBC’S IS TO
CARRY OXYGEN FROM THE LUNGS TO THE BODYS CELLS
RBC PRODUCTION IS REGULATED BY THE HORMONE
ERYTHROPOIETIN
THE COMBINATION OF PLASMA AND FORMED ELEMENTS IS CALLED
WHOLE BLOOD
SERUM IS
PLASMA MINUS THE FIBRINOGEN
THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD INCLUDE
BLOOD CELLS
OVER 95% OF THE PROTEIN IN A RED CELL IS
HEMOGLOBIN
THE PERCENTAGE OF WHOLE BLOOD OCCUPIED BY ERYTHROCYTES IS THE
HEMATOCRIT
THE FXN OF HEMOGLOBIN IS TO
CARRY OXYGEN
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS CONCERNING RBC’S IS FALSE?
RBC’S HAVE A LARGE NUCLEUS
PLASMA PROTEINS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR BLOOD CLOTTING ARE THE
FIBRINOGENS
AGED AND DAMAGED ERYTHROCYTES ARE BROKEN DOWN BY THE
SPLEEN
PLATELETS FXN IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT
DISSOLVING A FORMED CLOT
PLATELETS ARE
FRAGMENTS OF LARGE MEGAKARYOCYTE CELLS
MOST OF THE PROCOAGULANTS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR CLOTTING ARE SYNTHESIZED BY
THE LIVER
THE PROCESS OF FIBRINOLYSIS
DISSOLVES CLOTS
WHICH VITAMIN IS NEEDED FOR THE FORMATION OF CLOTTING
VITAMIN K
WHICH DESTROYS BACTERIA THROUGH PHAGOCYTOSIS
NEUTROPHILS
THE PIGMENT IN RBC’S THAT CARRIES OXYGEN IS
HEMOGLOBIN
WHICH OPPOSES THE EFFECT OF HISTAMINE IN ALLERGIC RESPONSES AND PHAGOCYTIZES ANTIGEN ANTIBODY STRUCTURES, AND KILLS SOME TYPES OF PARASITIC WORMS?
EOSINOPHILS
A PERSON’S BLOOD TYPE IS DETERMINED BY THE
PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC MOLECULES ON THE CELL MEMBRANCE
WHICH CONTAINS HEMOGLOBIN AND TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE?
EYTHROCYTE
WHAT IS A BLOOD CLOT TRANSPORTED BY THE BLOOD STREAM?
EMBOLUS
WBC’S THAT RELEASE HISTAMINE AT THE SIDE OF AN INJURY ARE
BASOPHILS
WHICH FXN IN HEMOSTASIS AND RELEASES CHEMICALS TO ENHANCE VASCULAR SPASM?
PLATELETS
WHICH WBC’S ARE IMPORTANT IN PRODUCING ANTIBODIES?
LYMPHOCYTES
WHAT TESTS ARE USED TO MONITOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IRON THERAPY?
HEMOGLOBIN AND RETICULOCYTE LEVELS
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IRON RELATED BLOOD TESTS IS THE MOST ACCURATE INDICATOR OF IRON XU ?
FERRITIN
A 22 Y/O MAN HAS BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH HODGKINS LYMPHOMA. WHAT WAS USED TO CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS?
LYMPH NODE BIOPSY
A 45 Y/O WOMAN HAS CHRONIC AND SEVERE IRON XU ANEMIA. WHAT LAB TESTS WERE CONDUCTED?
CBC, SERUM IRON AND IRON BINDING CAPACITY, SERUM FERRITIN
A 65 Y/O MAN HAS PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. WHAT DID LAB TESTS SHOW?
PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR SHOWING MACROCYTIC RBC’S
A 65 Y/O MAN HAS PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. WHAT ARE HIS SYMPTOMS?
WEAKNESS, SORE TONGUE, NUMBNESS AND TINGLING IN THE EXTREMITIES
A 65 Y/O MAN HAS PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?
VITAMIN B12, FOLIC ACID
WHICH ANEMIA IS CAUSED BY FAILURE OF THE BONE MARROW TO PRODUCE NEW BLOOD CELLS?
APLASTIC
HEREDITARY XU OF COAGULATION IS REFERRED TO AS
HEMOPHILIA (BLOOD CANT CLOT PROPERLY)
STOPPAGE OF BLEEDING IS CALLED
HEMOSTASIS
AN INCREASE IN THE # OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IS CALLED
LEUKOCYTOSIS
THE RBC INDICES PROVIDES ALL OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION ABOUT RBC’S EXCEPT?
SHAPE OF RBC’S
IN THE RBC INDICES TEST, IRON XU ANEMIA WHICH HAS BEEN DETECTED LATE IS CHARACTERIZED BY RBCS WHICH ARE
SMALLER THAN NORMAL
IN THE RBC INDICES TEST, VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID XU ANEMIAS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY RBCS WHICH ARE
LARGER THAN NORMAL
THE RBC COUNT, HEMATOCRIT, AND HEMOGLOBIN TESTS ARE INTEGRAL IN EVALUATING ANEMIC PATIENTS AND
PATIENTS WITH ONGOING BLEEDING PROBLEMS
THE RBC INDICES TEST IS USEFUL IN CLASSIFYING
ANEMIAS
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED WBC COUNT?
BONE MARROW FAILURE
WBC COUNT IS ESPECIALLY HELPFUL IN DIRECTLY EVALUATING ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT
ANEMIA
THE RBC COUNT BLOOD TEST IS RELATED TO THE HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD TEST AND
THE HEMATOCRIT BLOOD TEST
A HIGH WBC COUNT INDICATES
INFECTION
THE CBC DOES NOT INCLUDE
BLOOD SMEAR COUNT
NEUTROPHILS ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT INFECTION?
BACTERIAL
LYMPHOCYTES ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT INFECTION?
VIRAL
MONOCYTES ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT INFECTION?
INGEST PATHOGENS VIA PHAGOCYTOSIS
EOSINOPHILS ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT INFECTION?
PARASITIC INFECTIONS AS WORMS OR PROTOZOA
IgE FOR WHAT ?
EOSINOPHILS AND BASOPHILS
BASOPHILS CONTAIN WHAT?
HISTAMINE
UNIVERSAL RECEPTOR?
AB
UNIVERSAL DONOR?
O
WITH CRITICALLY LOW HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS, PATIENTS ARE AT A GREAT RISK FOR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT?
DIABETES
A LOW RBC COUNT INDICATES?
ANEMIA
THE PLATELET COUNT IS ROUTINELY PERFORMED ON PATIENTS WITH?
BLEEDING PROBLEMS
THE RETICULOCYTE COUNT BLOOD TEST EVALUATES WHAT?
EVALUATES RBC PRODUCTION BY THE BONE MARROW
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE IS UTILIZED TO TRACK?
INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES
LOW BLOOD CHLORIDE LEELS ARE SEEN IN?
PROLONGED VOMITING OR DIARRHEA
THE DRUG WARFARIN WORKS BY?
SLOWING CLOTTING TIME
THE GENERIC NAME FOR ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS ALL END WITH?
-PARIN
PLASMA PROTEINS THAT ARE IMPORTANT IN THE BODY DEFENSE ARE THE ?
IMMUNOGLOBINS
CD4 HELPER CELLS AND CD8 SUPPRESSOR CELLS ARE EXAMPLES OF ?
T LYMPHOCYTES FROM THE THYMUS
THE WINDOW PERIOD IN AIDS LASTS?
USUALLY 2-12 WEEKS BUT POSSIBLY AS LONG AS 6 MONTHS
WHAT CD4 CELL COUNT IS INDICATIVE THAT AN HIV INFECTED PERSON WILL DEVELOP AIDS?
<200 CELLS/MM3
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?
OSTEOARTHRITIS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
HAVE TO BE REPORTED TO THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT
ONE OF THE MOST COMMON FIRST SIGNS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IS ?
SEVERE SORE THROAT
WHICH TYPE OF LEUKEMIA?
ALL AGES <6 MONTHS
SUDDEN ONSET
PROM. ANEMIA
CHEMO, RADIATION, STEM CELLS
ACUTE
WHAT TYPE OF LEUKEMIA?
ADULTS INSIDIOUS MILD ANEMIA CHEMO PROM. FEVER
CHRONIC
HODGKINS OR NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA?
YOUNG ADULT AND >55 Y/O CONTAGIOUS ASSOCIATED WITH EBV WEIGHT LOSS & FATIGUE LOW GRADE FEVER & NIGHT SWEATS ITCHING Reed-Sternberg cells IN LAB
HODGKINS
HODGKINS OR NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA?
PEAK AGE IS 20-24 NON-CONTAGIOUS ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOIMMUNE OR HIV NIGHT SWEAT & FEVER NONPAINFUL ANEMIA UNRESPONSIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS
NON HODGKINS
DO LEUKEMIA PATIENTS BRUISE EASILY?
YES
DO HODGKINS OR NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA HAVE CHEST PAIN?
YES
DO LEUKEMIA PATIENTS HAVE INCREASED BODY INFECTIONS?
YES
WHAT DOES A HIGH HEMATOCRIT MEAN?
DEHYDRATION
WHAT DOES A LOW HEMATOCRIT MEAN?
XS DESTRUCTION OF RBS OR BLOOD LOSS
WHAT DOES THE MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME MEASURE?
THE AVERAGE SIZE OF RBC
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN MEASURES?
AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN IN RBC
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION MEASURES?
CONCENTRATION OF HGB IN RBC
IS THE BLOOD SMEAR COUNT A TEST FOR SHAPE?
YES
PHILIA IS ?
HIGH WBCS
PENIA IS?
LOW WBCS
WHAT IS CRP?
ACUTE, CAN DETECT AFTER 24 HOURS
WHAT IS ESR?
CHRONIC, CAN DETECT AFTER ALL THE TIME (3 MONTHS)
NAME TWO ANTICOAGULANTS AND THEIR SIDE EFFECTS?
WARFARIN AND HEPARIN
BLEEDING
T/F
WARFARIN CAN CROSS THE PLACENTA THUS CONTRA. IN PREGNANCY
TRUE
NAME AN ANTI-PLATELET DRUG AND SIDE EFFECT?
ASPIRIN
GASTRIC ULCERS, BLEEDING, REYES SYNDROME
T/F
ANTIBODIES/IMMUNOGLOBULINS MADE BY PLASMA CELLS, DERIVED FROM B LYMPHOCYTES?
TRUE
T/F
THERE ARE 5 DIFF. ANTIBODIES
TRUE
WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT ANTIBODY?
IgG
WHAT ANTIBODY CAN CROSS THE PLACENTA?
IgG
WHAT ANTIBODY IF FOUND IN SECRETIONS; SALIVA, TEARS, BREAST MILK
IgA
WHAT ANTIBODY IS A SECONDARY RESPONSE ?
IgG
WHAT ANTIBODY IS A PRIMARY RESPONSE?
IgM
SHAPE OF THE IgM ANTIBODY?
PENTAMER, BINDS TO 10 ANTIGENS
WHAT ANTIBODY BINDS MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS?
IgE
T/F
AUTOIMMUNITY IS AN IMMUNE REACTION AGAINST SELF MOLECULES
TRUE
WHAT IS A CLASS OF NON SELF MOLECULES?
ANTIGENS
WHAT IS THE 1ST, 2ND AND 3RD LINE OF DEFENSE?
BLOCK ENTRY, FIGHT LOCAL INFECTIONS AND COMBAT MAJOR INFECTIONS
WHAT IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE?
NON SPECIFIC BARRIERS
SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES, NASAL HAIRS, CILIA, VAGINAL SECRETIONS, URINE, FLORA, TEARS, SALIVA, SWEAT, EAR WAX
WHAT IS THE SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE?
FIGHT LOCAL INFECTIONS W/ INFLAMMATION PROCESS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
WHAT IS THE THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE?
TAKES LONGER TO REACT
WORKS ON SPECIFIC INVADERS
WHOLE BODY PROTECTION
BASIC AIDS-HIV INFO
- EARLY STAGES PATIENT CAN DEVELOP FLU LIKE SYMPTOMS
-MONITOR CD4 EVERY SIX MONTHS FOR HIV PATIENTS
>200 CELLS/MM3
WHAT ARE SOME OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS TO AIDS?
HPV SALMONELLA SCABIES HERPES MENINGITIS CANDIDIASIS STAPHYL.
MRSA SHORT FOR?
METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
WHAT IS IMPETIGO?
CONTAGIOUS SUPERFICIAL INFECTION OF THE SKIN; AFFECTING EPIDERMIS
MENINGITIS SYMPTOMS
HIGH FEVER, NECK STIFFNESS AND HA
CAUSE FOR MENINGITIS?
GROUP B STREP AND E COLI IN NEWBORNS
MONONUCLEOSIS CAUSED BY WHAT?
EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS
CONJUNCTIVITIS / PINK EYE DUE TO ?
CAUSE IS ADENOVIRUS
CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS?
“MMR”
MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA
T/F
MUMPS MAY CAUSE INFERTILITY
TRUE
WHAT IS PERTUSSIS?
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS WHOOPING COUGH
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?
STIFFNESS AND WARM SWOLLEN JOINTS, MORNING STIFFNESS, AFFECTS JOINTS SYMMETRICALLY