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BIOMEDICINE > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

THIS PROCESS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RELEASING STORED GLUCOSE INTO THE BLOODSTREAM?

A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

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2
Q

THIS HORMONE COUNTERACTS INSULIN AND ITS FUNCTION IS TO RAISE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS

A

GLUCAGON

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3
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CORRECT?

A: TYPE 1 DIAB., KNOWN AS ADULT ONSET, DOES NOT REQUIRE INSULIN B/C PANCREAS STILL HAS SOME FUNCTIONING

B: TYPE1 DIAB, KNOWN AS JUVENILE ONSET, DOES NOT REQUIRE INSULIN B/C PANCREAS STILL HAS SOME FUNCTIONING

C: TYPE2 DIAB, KNOWN AS ADULT ONSET, DOES NOT REQUIRE INSULIN B/C PANCREAS STILL HAS SOME FUNCTIONING

D: TYPE2 DIAB, KNOWN AS JUVENILE DIAB. DOES NOT REQUIRE INSULIN B/C PANCREAS STILL HAS SOME FUNCTIONING

A

C: TYPE2 DIAB, KNOWN AS ADULT ONSET, DOES NOT REQUIRE INSULIN B/C PANCREAS STILL HAS SOME FUNCTIONING

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4
Q

SEX STEROIDS (HORMONES) ARE MADE IN THIS LAYER OF THE ADRENAL GLAND?

MNEMONIC:
GO - SALT
FUCK -SUGAR
ROB - SEX

A

ZONA RETICULARIS

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5
Q

WHERE ARE THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTING NEUROTRANSMITTERS EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE MADE IN THE ADRENAL GLAND?

A

ADRENAL MEDULLA

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6
Q

THESE SETS OF HORMONES ARE MADE BY THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

A

OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSION

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7
Q

THIS HORMONE ACTS AT THE LEVEL OF THE COLLECTING DUCTS IN THE KIDNEY, AND ITS FUNCTION IS TO PRESERVE FLUID VOLUME IN THE BLOOD AND ALSO THEREBY PRESERVE OR EVEN RAISE BLOOD PRESSURE?

A

ADH

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8
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO LEVELS OF TSH IN A CLASSIC CASE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM?

A

TSH IS ELEVATED

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9
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CUSHING’S DISEASE AND ADDISONS DISEASE?

A. IN CUSHING’S DISEASE, CORTISOL IS HIGH WHEREAS IN Addison’s disease, CORTISOL IS LOW

B. IN CUSHING’S DISEASE, CORTISOL IS LOW, Addison’s disease ACTH IS HIGH

C. IN CUSHING’S DISEASE, ACTH IS HIGH, Addison’s disease ACTH IS LOW

D. IN CUSHING’S DISEASE ACTH IS LOW , Addison’s disease ACTH IS HIGH

A

IN CUSHING’S DISEASE, CORTISOL IS HIGH WHEREAS IN Addison’s disease, CORTISOL IS LOW

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10
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS CORRECT REGARDING PTH (PARATHYROID HORMONE)?

A. STIMULATES REABSORPTION OF CA AND INHIBITS PHOSPHATE REABSORPTION IN THE KIDNEYS

B. INCREASES BONE RESORPTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE

C. DEACREASED SERUM MG WILL DECREASE PTH SECRETION

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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11
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS CORRECT REGARDING VITAMIN D?

A. INCREASES CA AND PHOSPHATE ABSORPTION AT THE LEVEL OF THE INTESTINES

B. INCREASES BONE RESORPTION OF CA AND PHOSPHATE

C. VITAMIN D FEEDBACK INHIBITS ITS OWN PRODUCTION

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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12
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM?

A

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

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13
Q

WHAT LAB TEST CAN BE DONE TO DISTINGUISH DIABETES MELLITUS FROM DIAB. INSIPIDUS?

A

WATER DEPRIVATION TEST

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14
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DRUGS OR PAIRS OF DRUGS MAY BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM?

A

PROPYLTHIOURACIL

METHIMAZOLE

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15
Q

WHICH HORMONE IS NOT PRODUCED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY?

A. GH
B. ALDOSTERONE
C. TSH
D. PROLACTIN

A

ALDOSTERONE

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16
Q

WHICH HORMONE IS PRODUCED BY THE HEART?

A

NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES

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17
Q

A PATIENT COMPLAINS OF FEELING SLUGGISH, HAVING WEIGHT GAIN AND ALWAYS FEELS CHILLED. THIS PATIENT COULD BE SUFFERING FROM?

A. HASHIMOTOS
B. CUSHINGS
C. DIAB. MELLITUS
D. GIGANTISM

A

HASHIMOTOS

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18
Q

WHICH HORMONE HAS THE NEPHRON AS ITS TARGET TISSUE/CELL?

A. SECRETIN
B. PARATHYROID HORMONE
C. ALDOSTERONE
D. ANSWERS B AND C
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE
A

PARATHYROID HORMONE
ALDOSTERONE
(B AND C)

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19
Q

THIS CONDITION IS COMMONLY CAUSED BY A TUMOR OF THE ADRENAL GLAND?

A

CUSHINGS SYNDROME

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20
Q

A LACK OF THIS MAY BE ONE OF THE CAUSES OF A GOITER

A

IODINE

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21
Q

MENTAL RETARDATION MAY BE A RESULT OF

A

CRETINISM

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22
Q

POLYDYPSIA, POLYURIA, AND POLYPHAGIA MAY BE SIGNS OF ?

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

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23
Q

WHAT DIAGNOSTIC TEST IS MOST COMMONLY DONE INITIALLY IF A PHYSICIAN IS CONCERNED WITH A HORMONAL IMBALANCE?

A

LAB. BLOOD TESTS

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24
Q

THE HORMONE WHICH INCREASES RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IS CALLED?

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN

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25
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE FOUND IN CHILDREN ONLY

A

PITUITARY DWARFISM

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26
Q

INCREASE RISK OF BONE FRACTURES MAY BE SEEN IN

A

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

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27
Q

WHICH HORMONE HELPS THE BODY COPE WITH STRESS?

A

CORTISOL

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28
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PATHOLOGIES MAY COMMONLY BE A RESULT OF AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

A. HASHIMOTOS
B. GRAVES
C. ADDISONS
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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29
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HORMONES IS A GLUCOCORTICOID?

A

CORTISOL

30
Q

WHICH PATHOLOGY IS A RESULT OF A HYPERSECRETION OF GH?

A. GIGANTISM
B. GRAVES
C. ACROMEGALY
D. BOTH A AND C

A

BOTH A AND C

GIGANTISM AND ACROMEGALY

31
Q

THYROXINE MAY BE USED AS A TREATMENT IN

A

CRETINISM (CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM)

32
Q

WHICH GLAND PRODUCES GLUCAGON?

A

PANCREAS

33
Q

WHICH ARE BOTH ENDO AND EXO?

A

LIVER AND PANCREAS

34
Q

WHAT ARE PART OF THE ENDO SYSTEM?

A 
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY
ADRENAL GLAND
PARATHYROID
THYROID
PANCREAS
35
Q

BRAIN REGION CONTROLLING THE PITUITARY GLAND?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

36
Q

AFFECTS METABOLISM, AMONG OTHER THINGS?

A

THYROID

37
Q

HELPS REGULATE LEVEL OF CALCIUM IN THE BLOOD?

A

PARATHYROID

38
Q

REGULATES THE LEVEL OF SUGAR IN THE BLOOD?

A

PANCREAS

39
Q

HELPS TRIGGER THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE?

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

40
Q

SECRETES MANY DIFF. HORMONES, SOME OF WHICH AFFECT OTHER GLANDS?

A

PITUITARY GLAND

41
Q

WHAT IS POSITIVE FEEDBACK AND WHAT HAPPENS?

A

NOT COMMON

*DELIVERING A BABY
ACTION OF OXYTOCIN ON UTERINE MUSCLE DURING BIRTH

42
Q

WHAT IS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND WHAT HAPPENS?

A

MOST COMMON

LEVEL OF HORMONE IN BLOOD OR BODYS RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS SHUTS OFF LOPP AT HYPOTHALAMUS & PITUITARY

43
Q

WHOS FXN: COMMUNICATION BTW NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM VIA THE PITUITARY?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

44
Q

WHOS FXN: CONTROLS HUNGER, TEMP, THIRST

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

45
Q

PROLACTIN MAKES WHAT

A

MILK

46
Q

WHAT ARE THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES?

A 
TSH
GH
ACTH
FSH
LH
PROLACTIN (PRL)
47
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES/

A

OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN

48
Q

OXYTOCIN TARGET AND FXN?

A

TARGET IS BREAST, BRAIN, UTERINE, SM. MUSCLE

FXN: LABOR, MILK

49
Q

VASOPRESSIN ( ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE ) TARGET AND FXN?

A

TARGET: KD

FXN: MAINTAIN BP TOWARD INCREASING BP

50
Q

THYROID NEEDS _____ TO CREATE ____?

A

IODINE, THYROXINE

51
Q

THYROIDS FXN?

A

SECRETE THYROXINE AND REG. BODYS METABOLISM AND MAKE PROTEINS

52
Q

PARATHYROID REGULATES THE BODYS ?

A

CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE LEVELS

53
Q

FXN OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ? PTH

A

RELEASE CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE

INCREASE ABSORPTION OF PHOSP & CALCIUM

INCREASES PRODUCTION OF VIT D

IN KDS, INCREASES CALCIUM REABSORP. AND DECREASES REABSORP. OF PHOSPHATE

54
Q

WHAT DOES THYMUS SECRETE?

A

THYMOSIN

55
Q

WHAT IS ENDOCRINE?

A

DUCT LESS GLANDS THAT SECRETE HORMONE SIGNALS INTO THE BLOODSTREAM

56
Q

WHAT IS EXOCRINE?

A

DUCT CONTAINING GLANDS THAT SECRETE DIGESTIVE CHEMICALS

57
Q

PANCREAS ENDOCRINE FXN?

A

MAKE INSULIN, GLUCAGON AND SOMATOSTATIN

58
Q

WHAT HORMONES REG. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE?

A

ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

59
Q

INSULIN IS MADE BY THE ___ OF THE ____?

A

BETA CELLS OF THE PANCREAS

60
Q

GLUCAGON IS MADE IN THE ___ OF THE ___?

A

ALPHA CELLS OF THE PANCREAS

61
Q

T3 AND T4 ARE ELEVATED

A

HYPERTHYROIDISM

62
Q

T3 AND T4 ARE DECREASED

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

63
Q

GRAVES IS WHAT THYROIDISM?

A

HYPER

64
Q

HASHIMOTOS IS WHAT THYROIDISM?

A

HYPO

65
Q

GOITER CAN BE CAUSED BY EITHER ___?

A

GRAVES OR HASHIMOTOS

66
Q

FOR HYPERTHYROIDISM EVERYTHING IS INCREASED EXCEPT?

A

TSH , IT IS DECREASED, HIGH METABOLISM

67
Q

FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM EVERYTHING IS DECREASED EXCEPT?

A

TSH, IT IS INCREASED, LOW METABOLISM

68
Q

BMI RATIO

<18.5

A

UNDERWEIGHT

69
Q

BMI

18.5-24.9

A

NORMAL

70
Q

BMI

25-29.9

A

OVERWEIGHT

71
Q

BMI

>30

A

OBESE

72
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CONTROL MECHANISM?

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

BIOMEDICINE (5 decks)

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