Hematology- erythrocyte disorders

Question 1

reduced RBC mass is ___.

Answer 1

anemia

Question 2

Hct and Hb levels for anemia

Answer 2

Hct < 36% or Hb < 12 g/dL

Question 3

what is microcytic?

Answer 3

small RBC

Question 4

What is macrocytic?

Answer 4

large RBC

Question 5

size for microcytic RBC

Answer 5

MCV < 80 fl

Question 6

size for macrocytic RBC

Answer 6

MCV > 100 fl

Question 7

what is polycythemia?

Answer 7

increased RBC mass

Question 8

Hematocrit levels for polycythemia

Answer 8

Hct > 50%)

Question 9

what is hypochromic?

Answer 9

– too little Hb/cell

Question 10

What is anemia?

Answer 10

a reduction of red blood cell mass below normal limits

Question 11

What is anemia assessed with?

Answer 11

Hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (Hb) level,
RBC size (MCV), Hb concentration per RBC (MCHC)

Question 12

Other diagnostic information

for anemia

Answer 12

Iron indices (ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin receptors)
Folate (RBC) and vitamin B12 (plasma) concentration
CRP or ESR (Sed rate)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Reticulocyte count and RBC distribution width (RDW)
WBC count

Question 13

Significant _____ produces anemia

Answer 13

acute hemorrhage

Question 14

is Hct a reliable indicator immediately after blood loss?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

why is Hct not a reliable indicator immediately after blood loss?

Answer 15

because you lose whole blood, not just RBC, so HCT doesn’t change immediately

Question 16

Hct falls for how long as plasma volume is replaced?

Answer 16

24-48 hours

Question 17

Significant acute hemorrhage results in what two types of anemia?

Answer 17

normochromic (MCHC), normocytic (MCV) anemia

Question 18

Following blood loss, ____results in erythropoietin (EPO) release, causes increased erythropoiesis

Answer 18

hypoxia

Question 19

erythropoiesis Results in ____ Retic count.

Answer 19

increased

Question 20

what does increased retic count indicate?

Answer 20

Indicates recovery is occurring (increased erythropoiesis)

Question 21

following blood loss, increased erythropoiesis Results in increased RBC distribution ____.

Answer 21

width- indicates mixture of large(new) and small (old) RBC

Question 22

What can acute blood loss be caused by?

Answer 22

Trauma
Hemostatic disorder (epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematuria, bruising, purpura)

Question 23

what can chronic blood loss be caused by?

Answer 23

Menstrual
GI bleeding
Internal bleeding

Question 24

hemolytic anemia, results from what two things?

Answer 24

1. RBC lysis in circulation
2. RBC removal from circulation by macrophages (spleen, liver)

Both may occur together

Question 25

hemolytic anemia Results in increased serum ____.

Answer 25

bilirubin

Question 26

hemolytic anemia disorders are divided into what 2 categories?

Answer 26

immune and autoimmune

Question 27

in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ______ are made against RBC surface antigens

Answer 27

Autoantibodies

Question 28

examples of autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 28

idiopathic thrombocytopenik purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, drug reactions, certain infections, malaria

Question 29

Non-immune hemolytic anemia is Generally cared by hereditary ______. (cytoskeleton, HbG)

Answer 29

protein mutations.

Question 30

Non-immune hemolytic anemia examples

Answer 30

Sickle cell disease, Hereditary spherocytosis, Thalassemias

Question 31

is Autoimmune hemolytic anemia coomb's test positive or negative?

Answer 31

coomb's test positive