hematology disorders Flashcards
what is the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
low oxygen in the blood which causes deformity of blood cells into a sickle shape which prevents blood from traveling through the cardiovascular system.
which patient population is most affected by sickle cell anemia?
african americans
what are the complications of sickle cell disease?
acute chest syndrome
pneumonia
tissue infarction
fat embolism
renal failure
chronic leg ulcers
osteoporosis
osteosclerosis
heart failure
aplastic and hemolytic crisis
what are some things that cause a sickle cell crisis to occur?
dehydration
elevated temperature
significant blood loss
climbing or flying to high altitudes
stress
illness
signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease
severe pain
jaundice
gallstones
fever
swelling
tenderness
tachypnea
hypertension
nausea
vomiting
nursing management for sickle cell disease:
oxygen therapy
assess respiratory status
incentive spirometer
fluids
patient teaching for sickle cell:
keep immunizations up to date (pneumococcal, influenza, hep b)
get adequate rest
drink plenty of fluids
avoid crisis
what is the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia?
a reduction of platelets
150,000 or less
what medication is given for sickle cell?
hydroxyurea
what are some complications of thrombocytopenia?
hemorrohage
injury
infection
what are the signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia?
petechia
bleeding in the gums and nose
tachycardia
