fluid and electrolytes

Question 1

what is the most abundant ICF ion?

Answer 1

potassium

Question 2

what is the most abundant ECF ion?

Answer 2

sodium

Question 3

which electrolyte drives the movement of water?

Answer 3

sodium

Question 4

what is the normal value for sodium?

Answer 4

135 - 145

Question 5

what is the role of sodium?

Answer 5

to transmit impulses in nerves and muscle fibers

Question 6

how is sodium consumed?

Answer 6

table salt
food

Question 7

what causes a loss of sodium?

Answer 7

excessive sweating
vomiting
diarrhea
certain diuretics
insufficient aldosterone (adrenal)
excessive ADH secretion
diuresis
excessive water intake
not eating enough
gastrointestinal suctioning

Question 8

what happens when aldosterone is released?

Answer 8

the body retains sodium and water

Question 9

what happens when aldosterone is retained in the body?

Answer 9

the body releases sodium and water and cause hyponatremia

Question 10

what are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 10

lethargy
headache
confusion
apprehension
seizures
coma
muscle weakness

Question 11

what are some complications of hyponatremia?

Answer 11

cerebral edema

Question 12

what causes hypernatremia?

Answer 12

ingestion of too much sodium without water
insufficient ADH
diabetes insipidus
watery diarrhea
lost of thirst mechanism
prolonged periods of rapid respiration

Question 13

what are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

Answer 13

edema
thirsty if thirst mechanism is still functioning
dehydration
agitation
muscle weakness
seizures

Question 14

what is the normal value for potassium?

Answer 14

3.5 - 5

Question 15

what is the role of potassium?

Answer 15

effects how body cells work, how nerves impulses generates, contractions of all muscles in the body (skeletal, HEART)

Question 16

what foods contain potassium?

Answer 16

citrus fruits
bananas
tomatoes

Question 17

why are patients prescribed with insulin for high potassium levels?

Answer 17

insulin promotes movement of potassium into cells and lowers potassium levels

Question 18

what happens to potassium when the body is acidic?

Answer 18

hydrogen ions will push the the potassium out of the cell into the blood

Question 19

what are some causes of hypokalemia?

Answer 19

diarrhea
diuretics
decreased dietary intake (alcoholism, eating disorders, starvation
too much insulin?

Question 20

signs and symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 20

alkalosis
shallow respirations
irritability
confusion
drowsiness
weakness
fatigue
arrhythmias
lethargy
thready pulse
parastheia

Question 21

cause of hyperkalemia

Answer 21

too much potassium intake
renal failure
potassium sparing diuretics
prolonged or severe acidosis
extensive tissue damage

Question 22

effects of hyperkalemia

Answer 22

muscle cramps
urine abnormalities
respiratory distress
decreased cardiac contractility
ekg changes
reflexes

Question 23

what is the normal range for calcium?

Question 24

what is the role of calcium?

Answer 24

bone and teeth
nerve membranes
muscle contractions
blood clotting

Question 25

where is calcium stored?

Answer 25

bone

Question 26

who is at risk for calcium imbalance?

Answer 26

patients with renal failure