Hematology Definitions Flashcards
Cell Nucleus
Regulates cell function, contains DNA, nuclear membrane
Mitochondria
Provides energy, rod-shaped organelle with 2 layers
Cell Membrane
Selective permeability, transport, and provides stability, recognition of foreign substances
Lysosome
Membrane bound sac that contains hydrolytic enzyes that degrade phagocytized materials
RER
Interconnecting membrane-bound tubules and vesicles, ribosomes on surface, synthesis of proteins
Golgi Apparatus
Flattened sacs, often curved and arranged in parallel arrays, assembly of polypeptides into proteins, packaged and released into cytoplasm
RBC
Carries O2 to tissues and CO2 away
Platelet
Clotting mechanism
Neutrophils
Responds to infections (bacterial), foreign bodies, phagocytosis
Lymphocytes
Antibody production
Monocytes
Phagocytosis, presents foreign antigens to lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Phagocytosis, destruction of parasites, inactivation of substances
Basophils
Phagocytosis, cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions, local inflammatory response, anaphylasis
EDTA
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
Chelates Calcium
Serum
Fluid left when blood is clotted, no fibrinogen present
Plasma
Fluid when blood is not clotted, contains fibrinogen
Present in lavender top tube
Wright Stain
Methylene Blue, Eosin Dissolved in Methanol, Buffered Water
Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin bound to O2, carries O2
Reduced Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin not bound to O2
Sulfhemoglobin
Hemoglobin bound to sulfur, cannot carry O2
Carboxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin bound to CO, cannot carry O2
Methemoglobin
Hemoglobin with Fe in 3+ state, cannot carry O2
Three colorimetric methods for measuring Hemoglobin
Cyanmethemoglobin
Alkali-hematin
Oxyhemoglobin
Rule of Three
RBC x 3 = Hgb, Hgb x 3 = Hct
Use as check on CBC
Altitude effect on Hemoglobin
Causes physiologic incease in Hgb
Outline Reaction during cyanmethemoglobin procedure
K ferricyanide oxidizes Hgb (Fe+2) to methemoglobin (Fe+3)
K cyanide provides CN ions to convert methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin
H2PO4 decreases conversion time to cyanmethemoglobin non-ionic detergent - enhances lysis of RBC and decrease turbidity
Name the types and % of Hgb in adults
Hgb A1 - 96.98%
Hgb A2 - 1.5 - 3.5%
Hgb F - <1%
Abnormal Hemoglobin types
Sulfhemoglobin - sulfur in O2, mauve or green
Methemoglobin - Fe in Fe+3 state, brown
Carboxyhemoglobin - CO in O2, cherry red
Precursor to Protoporphyrin
Delta-amino levulinic acid
General Structure of Hemoglobin
2 pairs of polypeptide chains + 4 heme groups
Globin Chaings found in Hgb A1, A2, and F
A1 - alpha 2, beta 2
A2 - alpha 2, delta 2
F - alpha 2, gamma 2
Three conditions that shift O2 dissociation curve to left
Decreased levels of 2,3 DPG, increased pH, increased O2 tension
Three conditions that shift O2 dissociation curve to right
Increased levels of 2,3 DPG, decreased pH, decreased O2 tension
Icteric
Increased bilirubin, jaundice, liver disease
Pink or Red plasma
Hemolysis in vivo or in vitro
Monocytosis is associated with
fungal infections and post chemotherapy
Anisocytosis
Variation in RBC size
Seen in many anemias
Macrocytes
RBCs >9 um
Megaloblastic, anemias, liver disease, reticulocystosis
normal in newborns
Microcytes
RBCs <6 um
Iron deficiency anemias, thalassemia, siderblastic anemia, anemia or chronic inflammation
Normocytic
Normal Cell Size
