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Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What are *erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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2
Q

What are *leukocytes

A

white blood cell

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3
Q

What are *thrombocytes

A

platelets
small cell fragments with a avg lifespan of 5 to 9 days
function- blood clotting and hemostasis

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4
Q

what is erythopoiesis why does it happen

A

production of red blood cells in bone marrow

stimulated by hypoxia and controlled by erythropoietin released by kidneys

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5
Q

what is hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells after ~120 day, which releases bilirubin into the bloodstream

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6
Q

what is *hemostasis

A

the stopping of blood flow to minimize blood loss after injury

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7
Q

what is *anemia

A

decrease in RBCs
reduction in the RBCs or hemoglobin from blood loss or lack of RBC production due to illness, infection, pregnancy, resulting in varying degrees of hypoxia

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8
Q

what is *leukopenia

A

decrease in WBCs

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9
Q

what is *thrombocytopenia

A

decrease in platelets

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10
Q

what is *pancytopenia

A

decrease in all three of the blood cells

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11
Q

what is the normal distibution of the 4 blood componets?

A

mostly plasma and RBCs and <1% WBCs and platelets

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of WBCs?

A

neutrophil, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, basophil

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13
Q

What is bloods purpose?

A

transportation, regulation and protection

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14
Q

transportation

A

blood transports oxygen nutrients hormones and waste products through out the body

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15
Q

regulation

A

blood regulates the deliver of fluid glucose and electrolytes to the body structures and helps maintain acid base balance

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16
Q

protection

A

platelets coagulate to protect the body from blood loss and WBCs fight infection

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17
Q

What three organs make up the hematologic system and describe their role

A

bone marrow- soft substance in the core of bones, houses hematopoiesis process, aids int the creation of WBCs and platelets
liver- synthesis of plasma proteins including clotting factors and albumin, clears damaged and non functioning RBCs from circulation
spleen- produces fetal RBCs fro hematopoiesis, filters and recycles certain cells, houseslymphocytes and monocytes for maturation, stores ~third of platelets

18
Q

What is and what makes up the lymphatic system?

A

network of tissues and organs that transport lymph, a fluid containing WBCx that fight infection and rid the body of toxins
lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, thymus

19
Q

What are lymph vessels and what is the role of lymph vessels in lymphatic system

A

lymph vessels are thin-walled, valved vessels that run alongside the cardiovascular system. they exchange fluid WBCs and waste with blood vessels through lymph capillaries

20
Q

what are and what is the role of lymph nodes in lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes are small bean shaped glands that contain a high concentration of WBCs to fight infectious particles transported to the node through a lymph vessels

21
Q

what is lymphadenopathy

A

swelling of lymph nodes due to infection injury or cancer

22
Q

role of lymphoid organs in lymphatic system

2 primary and 4 secondary

A

primary- bone marrow and thymus- generate WBCs
secondary- tonsils, adenoids, spleen, peyer’s patches- house naive WBCs where they can interact with antigens to compete the maturation process

23
Q

iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

A

inadequate iron cause by chronic blood loss, hemolysis, malabsorption or pregnancy. present in 30% of worlds population

24
Q

pernicious anemia

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency caused by the lack of intrinsic factor (IF) required for vitamin B12 absorption. can be caused by nutritional deficiency of loss of IF secreting gastric cells due to GI surgery or atrophy

25
Q

folic acid deficiency anemia

A

form of anemia which causes enlargement and decrease in RBCs often caused y poor dietary intake, malabsorption or EtOH abuse

26
Q

acquired hemolytic anemia

A

destruction or hemolysis of RBCs at a faster rate than production
can be caused by medications or infection

27
Q

aplastic anemia

A

damage to bone marrow stem cells causing pancytopenia. may be due to infection radiation exposure or chemical agents

28
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

inherited disease causing a lack of healthy blood cells and inadequate oxygen transport through out the body

29
Q

thalassemia

A

autosomal recessive genetic disorder resulting in inadequate production of normal hemoglobin

30
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

severe decrease in platelets caused by lack of production (bone marrow disease, leukemia, viral suppression) or destruction (sepsis, autoimmune, disseminate intravascular coagulation)

31
Q

idiopathic throbocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

ITP is an immune disorder in which the body destroys healthy platelets causing thrombocytopenia

32
Q

hemophilia

A

x linked recessive disorder resulting the a missing coagulation factor

33
Q

Von willebrand disease

A

autosomal dominate bleeding disorder that affects the bloods ability to clot due to low level or ineffectiveness of a specific protein in the blood

34
Q

acute myelodi leukemia (AML)

A

blood cells divide abnormally and fail to mature. AML affect all blood cells except lymphocytes

35
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

A

lymphocytes divide abnormally and fail to mature, crowding out other cells in the bone marrow

36
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

slow progressing form of leukemia affecting Bcell lymphocytes

37
Q

hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

proliferation of lymph cells originating in a node or lymphatic organs in hodgkins lymphoma the caner starts in one node and characteristically spreads to the next through out the body

38
Q

non hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

any type of lymphoma not classified as hodgkins large variety and each has a different degree of severity, symptoms and course of treatment

39
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer of the plasma cells that normally produce antibodies. continuous over production of these cells increase an abnormal protein that causes brain lesions

40
Q

polycythemia

A

over prodiction of RBCs potentially caused by chronic hypoxia or tumors releasing erythropoietin

41
Q

hemochromatosis

A

over absorption of iron causing damage to liver and heart

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