Hematology Flashcards
What are *erythrocytes
red blood cells
What are *leukocytes
white blood cell
What are *thrombocytes
platelets
small cell fragments with a avg lifespan of 5 to 9 days
function- blood clotting and hemostasis
what is erythopoiesis why does it happen
production of red blood cells in bone marrow
stimulated by hypoxia and controlled by erythropoietin released by kidneys
what is hemolysis
destruction of red blood cells after ~120 day, which releases bilirubin into the bloodstream
what is *hemostasis
the stopping of blood flow to minimize blood loss after injury
what is *anemia
decrease in RBCs
reduction in the RBCs or hemoglobin from blood loss or lack of RBC production due to illness, infection, pregnancy, resulting in varying degrees of hypoxia
what is *leukopenia
decrease in WBCs
what is *thrombocytopenia
decrease in platelets
what is *pancytopenia
decrease in all three of the blood cells
what is the normal distibution of the 4 blood componets?
mostly plasma and RBCs and <1% WBCs and platelets
What are the 4 types of WBCs?
neutrophil, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, basophil
What is bloods purpose?
transportation, regulation and protection
transportation
blood transports oxygen nutrients hormones and waste products through out the body
regulation
blood regulates the deliver of fluid glucose and electrolytes to the body structures and helps maintain acid base balance
protection
platelets coagulate to protect the body from blood loss and WBCs fight infection
What three organs make up the hematologic system and describe their role
bone marrow- soft substance in the core of bones, houses hematopoiesis process, aids int the creation of WBCs and platelets
liver- synthesis of plasma proteins including clotting factors and albumin, clears damaged and non functioning RBCs from circulation
spleen- produces fetal RBCs fro hematopoiesis, filters and recycles certain cells, houseslymphocytes and monocytes for maturation, stores ~third of platelets
What is and what makes up the lymphatic system?
network of tissues and organs that transport lymph, a fluid containing WBCx that fight infection and rid the body of toxins
lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, thymus
What are lymph vessels and what is the role of lymph vessels in lymphatic system
lymph vessels are thin-walled, valved vessels that run alongside the cardiovascular system. they exchange fluid WBCs and waste with blood vessels through lymph capillaries
what are and what is the role of lymph nodes in lymphatic system
lymph nodes are small bean shaped glands that contain a high concentration of WBCs to fight infectious particles transported to the node through a lymph vessels
what is lymphadenopathy
swelling of lymph nodes due to infection injury or cancer
role of lymphoid organs in lymphatic system
2 primary and 4 secondary
primary- bone marrow and thymus- generate WBCs
secondary- tonsils, adenoids, spleen, peyer’s patches- house naive WBCs where they can interact with antigens to compete the maturation process
iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
inadequate iron cause by chronic blood loss, hemolysis, malabsorption or pregnancy. present in 30% of worlds population
pernicious anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency caused by the lack of intrinsic factor (IF) required for vitamin B12 absorption. can be caused by nutritional deficiency of loss of IF secreting gastric cells due to GI surgery or atrophy
