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Med physiology - Quiz 1 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood = ______ + ______

A

Plasma + Cells

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2
Q

Plasma is composed of _______.

A

organic + inorganic substances (including proteins) dissolved in water

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3
Q

Cells in the blood include _____.

A

WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

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4
Q

Plasma is about _______ water.

A

90%

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5
Q

________ make up most of the solute weight of the plasma.

A

Dissolved proteins

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6
Q

Examples of proteins in plasma include _________ (3 of them).

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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7
Q

Plasma is a _________. (Primary Function)

A

Transporter

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8
Q

Hematopoiesis is the _________.

A

Production of blood cells.

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9
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs in the ________.

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

Hematopoiesis produces a ________ first, which then divides into ______ and _______ cells.

A
  1. Pluripotent stem cell
  2. Lymphoid
  3. Myeloid
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11
Q

Lymphoid cells mature into ________.

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

Myeloid cells mature into _______ (3 Cells).

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Platelets
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13
Q

All blood cells originate from ________.

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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14
Q

What is unique about a RBC’s shape? What does this increase?

A

They are a biconcave disc, which increases their surface area and makes them flexible

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15
Q

What is the primary function of a erythrocyte?

A

Oxyegn/Carbon Dioxide transporter.

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16
Q

Do erythrocytes have a nucleus or mitochondria?

A

No

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17
Q

Can erythrocytes preform mitosis or aerobic respiration?

A

No

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18
Q

What molecule does erythrocytes carrying that contributes to the pH of blood?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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19
Q

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

A

80-120 days (00 day average)

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20
Q

Platelets are _____ shaped.

A

Irregularly

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21
Q

The life span of a platelet is ______ days.

A

8-11

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22
Q

The primary functions of a platelets are to aid in _______.

A

Hemostasis following vascular injury, and coagulation/clot formation

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23
Q

What are the 3 requirements form RBC production?

A
  1. Iron
  2. Folic acid/Vitamin B12
  3. EPO
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24
Q

What does EPO stand for?

A

Erythropoetin

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25
Q

Hgb is a ____ piece molecule with _____ incorporated into its structure at _____ different sites.

A
  1. 4
  2. Fe++
  3. 4
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26
Q

Hgb helps RBCs carry ______.

A

O2

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27
Q

In tissues that are more acidic, Hgb will hold onto O2 more _______.

A

Loosely

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28
Q

In tissues that are more basic, Hgb will hold onto O2 more ________.

A

Tightly

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29
Q

Name a scenario in which Hgb would hold onto O2 loosely.

A

Lactic acid build up in tissues when someone is exercising

30
Q

Name a scenario in which Hgb would hang onto O2 tightly.

A

In a fetus (O2 has a longer way to travel to reach the baby from the mother)

31
Q

Oxyhemoglobin is Hgb with ______ binded to it.

A

O2

32
Q

Oxyhemoglobin appears _______ in color.

A

Redder

33
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin is Hgb ________ O2 binded to it.

A

Without

34
Q

The color change in hgb once O2 binds to it is due to its change is shape, also called its ____________.

A

Confirmation

35
Q

CO binds ______ tighter to Hgb than O2

A

100x

36
Q

CO poisoned blood appears ______, similar to arterial blood.

A

redder

37
Q

Why do people die of CO poisoning?

A

CO bonded to Hgb prevents O2 from bonding and reaching our cells

38
Q

What is erythropoetin?

A

A hormone that stimulates the production of erythrocytes - (more cells down the line)

39
Q

Where is erythropoetin produced?

A

In the cortex of the kidneys

40
Q

What increases the production of EPO?

A

The detection of low 02 concentrations in the blood (Hypoxia)

41
Q

EPO is often given to __________ patients, as __________ can kill off RBCs. (Same word twice)

A

Chemotherapy

42
Q

Reticulocytes and nucleated RBCs are _______ forms of RBCs.

A

immature

43
Q

What conditions cause bone marrow to push immature RBCs out early? (Two)

A
  1. Anemia

2. Cancer

44
Q

Iron is transported in the blood while bound to ________.

A

Transferrin

45
Q

Iron is stored bound to ___________ in the liver, spleen, and small intestines .

A

Ferritin

46
Q

Polycythemia means……

A

Too many cells

47
Q

Anemia means……

A

Too few RBCs/Too little Hgb

48
Q

The clotting cascade is made up of what two pathways?

A

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

49
Q

The extrinsic pathway is triggered by _______.

A

Vessel damage

50
Q

The Intrinsic Pathway is also triggered by ______, but is less common and much slower.

A

Vessel damage

51
Q

The extrinsic pathway is started when factor _____ is exposed to _______.

A

7

Tissue Factor

52
Q

The intrinsic pathway is initiated through ________ _________.

A

Contact activation

53
Q

Name an example of something that would initiate the intrinsic pathway other than vessel damage.

A

Exposure to glass test tube

54
Q

Write the Extrinsic pathway.

A

Trigger –> 7 (7a) –> 9 (9a) –> 10 (10a) –> 2(prothrombin) to 2a (thrombin) –> 1 (Fibrogen) to 1a (fibrin)

55
Q

Write the intrinsic pathway

A

Trigger –> 12 (12a) –> 11 (11a) –> 9 (9a) –> 10 (10a) –> 2(prothrombin) to 2a (thrombin) –> 1 (Fibrogen) to 1a (fibrin)

56
Q

What two factors are involved in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

A

9 (9a) and 10 (10a)

57
Q

Factors 5 and 8 are both ______ in the intrinsic pathway

A

Amplifiers

58
Q

Factor 13 is a _______.

A

Clot stabilizer

59
Q

Clotting factors are made in the _____ and are secreted into the blood in their _______ forms.

A

Liver

Inactive

60
Q

Plasma without clotting factors is called ______.

A

Serum

61
Q

Patients with factor disorders are treated with _______.

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

62
Q

When protein C is activated it turns off what?

A

The amplification of Factor 5 and 8

63
Q

Protein C greatly _____ the ____ process.

A

slows

clotting

64
Q

If a person has a Protein C deficiency they are often in a ____________ state.

A

Hypercoaguable

65
Q

Vitamin K Deficiencies _________ the synthesis of clotting factors.

A

decrease

66
Q

Heparin is an anticoagulant that __________ antihrombin III and _______ the intrinsic pathway.

A

enhances

inhibits

67
Q

Activated platelets produce _______.

A

TXA2

68
Q

TXA2 acts as a _________ and __________.

A

Platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor

69
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator is used to ___________ clots.

A

dissolve

70
Q

An embolus is a clot that is ______ in the blood.

A

free-floating

71
Q

A thrombus is a clot that is ________ in the blood.

A

Stationary

72
Q

Name two types of emboli.

A

Pulmonary Emboli

Cerebral Emboli

Med physiology - Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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