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Med physiology - Quiz 1 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Define communicability

A

The ability to spread from one individual to others

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2
Q

Name a disease with high communicability. And low communicability.

A

Measles - High

HIV - Low

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3
Q

Define Immunogenicity

A

The ability of pathogens to induce an immune respone

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4
Q

Define infectivity

A

The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host

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5
Q

Define Mechanism of Action

A

How microogranisms damage tissues

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6
Q

Define Pathogenicity

A

The ability of an agent to produce disease

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7
Q

Define portal of entry

A

The route by which a pathogenic microorganism infects the host

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8
Q

Define Toxigenicity

A

The ability of a pathogen to poduce soluble toxins or endotoxins

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9
Q

Define Virulence

A

The capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease

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10
Q

Name a disease with low virulence and high virulence

A

Measles - Low

Rabies - High

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11
Q

Define Symbiosis

A

Benefits only the human; no harm to the microorganism

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12
Q

Define Mutualism

A

Benefits the human and the microorganism

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13
Q

Define Commensalism

A

Benefits the microorganism; no harm to the human

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14
Q

Define Pathogenicity (Relationship between pathogen and human)

A

Benefits the microorganism; harms the human

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15
Q

Define opportunism

A

A situation in which benign microorganisms become pathogenic because of decreased human resistance

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16
Q

Name one common microorganism that uses opportunism to become pathogenic

A

C. Diff

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17
Q

Coccus bacteria are _____ in shape.

A

Spherical

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18
Q

Staphylococci are arranged in _________.

A

Clusters

19
Q

Streptococci are arranged in __________.

A

Chains

20
Q

Bacillus bacteria are ________ shaped.

A

Rod

21
Q

Other than bacillus and coccus shaped bacteria, the 3rd shape of bacteria is _______.

A

Spiral

22
Q

What are the three biochemical and growth characteristics of bacteria.

A
  1. Type of culture media
  2. Oxygen Requirements
  3. Nutritional requirements
23
Q

Aerobic organism grow best in ___________.

A

The presence of O2

24
Q

Anaerobic organisms grow best in the _________.

A

Absence of O2

25
Q

Facultative Anaerobes grow _________

A

equally well with or without O2.

26
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Your cells have coded this as “not you”

27
Q

Where are antigens found?

A

On bacteria

28
Q

Normal flora create a ________, which make it ________ for pathogens to _______.

A

layer of molecules
difficult
penetrate

29
Q

Normal flora work well by creating a higher _______________ (THINK ratio)

A

Surface-to-volume ratio

30
Q

A fecal transplant works by re-establishing _________.

A

normal flora layer

31
Q

What opportunistic disease is often treated with a fecal transplant

A

C. Diff

32
Q

Normal flora helps establish what? (3 things)

A
  1. Innate Immunity
  2. Acquired Immunity
  3. Metabolic Functions
33
Q

The _________ population in the vagina helps maintain a pH of 3.5.

A

Lactobacilli

34
Q

A decrease in the Lactobacilli population causes the pH to _______ making in more ________.

A

Increase

Basic

35
Q

A more ______ pH in the vagina makes it more ____________ to pathogenic organism.

A

basic

susceptible

36
Q

________ taken for other illness, can kill off Lactobacilli leading to an environment that is more vulnerable to opportunistic bacteria.

A

ABx

37
Q

What THREE mechanisms can bacteria use to develop ABx resistance?

A
  1. Develop enzymes
  2. Change cell wall structure
  3. Change internal metabolic machinery
38
Q

What are plasmins?

A

Small circular DNA separate from the main bacterial chromosomes.

39
Q

Plasmins contain what two factors?

A

F Factor

R Factor

40
Q

The F factor allows for ____________ to happen.

A

Conjugation

41
Q

The R factor codes for _________.

A

ABx Resistance

42
Q

Describe the process of conjugation.

A

Bacterium with plasmin and the F-factor create a mating bridge with another bacterium and duplicates its plasmin

43
Q

Bacterium can also absorb DNA from its surroundings through a process called __________.

A

Transformation

44
Q

Bacteria can develop ABx resistance through a process called ____________, which is transmitted through viruses.

A

Transduction

Med physiology - Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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