Bacteria Flashcards
Define communicability
The ability to spread from one individual to others
Name a disease with high communicability. And low communicability.
Measles - High
HIV - Low
Define Immunogenicity
The ability of pathogens to induce an immune respone
Define infectivity
The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host
Define Mechanism of Action
How microogranisms damage tissues
Define Pathogenicity
The ability of an agent to produce disease
Define portal of entry
The route by which a pathogenic microorganism infects the host
Define Toxigenicity
The ability of a pathogen to poduce soluble toxins or endotoxins
Define Virulence
The capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease
Name a disease with low virulence and high virulence
Measles - Low
Rabies - High
Define Symbiosis
Benefits only the human; no harm to the microorganism
Define Mutualism
Benefits the human and the microorganism
Define Commensalism
Benefits the microorganism; no harm to the human
Define Pathogenicity (Relationship between pathogen and human)
Benefits the microorganism; harms the human
Define opportunism
A situation in which benign microorganisms become pathogenic because of decreased human resistance
Name one common microorganism that uses opportunism to become pathogenic
C. Diff
Coccus bacteria are _____ in shape.
Spherical
Staphylococci are arranged in _________.
Clusters
Streptococci are arranged in __________.
Chains
Bacillus bacteria are ________ shaped.
Rod
Other than bacillus and coccus shaped bacteria, the 3rd shape of bacteria is _______.
Spiral
What are the three biochemical and growth characteristics of bacteria.
- Type of culture media
- Oxygen Requirements
- Nutritional requirements
Aerobic organism grow best in ___________.
The presence of O2
Anaerobic organisms grow best in the _________.
Absence of O2
Facultative Anaerobes grow _________
equally well with or without O2.
What is an antigen?
Your cells have coded this as “not you”
Where are antigens found?
On bacteria
Normal flora create a ________, which make it ________ for pathogens to _______.
layer of molecules
difficult
penetrate
Normal flora work well by creating a higher _______________ (THINK ratio)
Surface-to-volume ratio
A fecal transplant works by re-establishing _________.
normal flora layer
What opportunistic disease is often treated with a fecal transplant
C. Diff
Normal flora helps establish what? (3 things)
- Innate Immunity
- Acquired Immunity
- Metabolic Functions
The _________ population in the vagina helps maintain a pH of 3.5.
Lactobacilli
A decrease in the Lactobacilli population causes the pH to _______ making in more ________.
Increase
Basic
A more ______ pH in the vagina makes it more ____________ to pathogenic organism.
basic
susceptible
________ taken for other illness, can kill off Lactobacilli leading to an environment that is more vulnerable to opportunistic bacteria.
ABx
What THREE mechanisms can bacteria use to develop ABx resistance?
- Develop enzymes
- Change cell wall structure
- Change internal metabolic machinery
What are plasmins?
Small circular DNA separate from the main bacterial chromosomes.
Plasmins contain what two factors?
F Factor
R Factor
The F factor allows for ____________ to happen.
Conjugation
The R factor codes for _________.
ABx Resistance
Describe the process of conjugation.
Bacterium with plasmin and the F-factor create a mating bridge with another bacterium and duplicates its plasmin
Bacterium can also absorb DNA from its surroundings through a process called __________.
Transformation
Bacteria can develop ABx resistance through a process called ____________, which is transmitted through viruses.
Transduction
