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Hematology & Anaphylaxis > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four blood types?

A

A
B
AB
O

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2
Q

What is contained in a transfusion of whole blood? (4)

A

All cells
Platelets
Clotting factors
Plasma

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3
Q

What is contained in a transfusion of packed red blood cells, PRBC’s? (2)

A

Red blood cells

Plasma

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4
Q

What is contained in a transfusion of platelets? (2)

A

Thrombocytes

Plasma

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5
Q

What is contained in a transfusion of fresh frozen plasma, FFP? (4)

A

Plasma
Combination of fluids
Clotting factors
Proteins

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6
Q

What is contained in a transfusion of clotting factors? (1)

A

Specific clotting factors needed for coagulation

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7
Q

What is petechiae?

A

Reddish-purple spots on the skin, less than 0.5cm in diameter

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8
Q

What is purpura?

A

Reddish-purple blotches, more than 0.5cm in diameter

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9
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

An excess of red blood cells

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10
Q

What is anemia?

A

An inadequate number of red blood cells or inadequate hemoglobin within the red blood cells

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11
Q

What are three diseases of the red blood cells?

A

Anemia
Sickle cell disease
Polycythemia

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12
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

An inherited disorder of red blood cell production, so named because the red blood cells become sickle shaped when oxygen levels are low

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13
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Too few white blood cells

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14
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

To many white blood cells

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15
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

A reduction in the number of neutrophils

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16
Q

What are four diseases of white blood cells?

A

Leukopenia/Neutropenia
Leukocytosis
Leukemia
Lymphoma

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17
Q

What is leukemia?

A

A cancer of the hematopoietic cells

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18
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

A cancer of the lymphatic system

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19
Q

What are four platelet abnormalities?

A

Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
von Willebrand’s disease

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20
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

An abnormal increase in the number of platelets

21
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

An abnormal decrease in the number of platelets

22
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

A blood disorder in which one of the proteins necessary for blood clotting is missing or defective

23
Q

What is von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Condition in which the vWF component of factor VIII is deficient

24
Q

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

A

A disorder of coagulation caused by systemic activation of the coagulation cascade

25
Q

What is a multiple myeloma?

A

A cancerous disorder of plasma cells

26
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Protein on the surface of a donor’s red blood cells that the patients body recognizes as not self

27
Q

What are the three functions of blood?

A

Transportation

Regulation

Protection

28
Q

What are the three components of blood?

A

Plasma

Red blood cells

White blood cells/platelets

29
Q

What are three granular leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

30
Q

What are four agranular leukocytes?

A

B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Natural killer (NK) cells
Monocytes

31
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

The process by which the formed elements of blood develop

32
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Small glycoproteins that are typically produced by cells such as red bone marrow, leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells

33
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

34
Q

What is an erythrocyte?

A

It is a red blood cell that contains the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin

35
Q

What are the three steps to platelet plug formation?

A

Platelet adhesion

Platelet release reaction

Platelet aggregation

36
Q

What is platelet adhesion? (2)

A

It is the first step of platelet plug formation

Platelets contact and stick to parts of the damaged vessel

37
Q

What is the platelet release reaction (3)

A

It is the second step of platelet plug formation

Due to adhesion, the platelets become activated

They extend projections that allow them to interact with one another

ADP and thromboxane A2 play a major role in activating nearby platelets

38
Q

What happens in platelet aggregation?

A

It is the third step in platelet plug formation

Due to the release of ADP and thromboxane A2, the platelets have become sticky

This allows them to stick together

Eventually, the accumulation and attachment of large numbers of platelets form a mass called a platelet plug

39
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

It is the dissolution of a clot

40
Q

What antigens does Type A blood have?

A

A antigen

41
Q

What antigens does type B blood have?

A

B antigen

42
Q

What antigens does type AB blood have?

A

A and B antigens

43
Q

What antigens does type O blood have?

A

None

44
Q

What antibody does type A blood have?

A

Anti-B antibody

45
Q

What antibody does type B blood have?

A

Anti A antibody

46
Q

What type of antibody does type AB blood have?

A

Neither

47
Q

What type of antibody does type O blood have?

A

Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies

48
Q

What is Rh +?

A

The Rh antigen is found on the RBC

49
Q

What is Rh -?

A

The Rh antigen is not found on the RBC

Hematology & Anaphylaxis (8 decks)

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