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Patho Exam 2 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

4 parts of blood

A

plasma
RBCs- erythrocytes
WBCs- leukocytes
platelets- thrombocytes

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2
Q

blood is formed in bone marrow and controlled by what hormone?

A

erythropoietin

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3
Q

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

A

granulocytes

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4
Q

lyse foreign materials

sign of organ damage, esp neutrophils

A

granulocytes

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5
Q

largest blood cells, immature until they reach destination tissue –> macrophages
helps inflammatory process/mediators

A

monocytes

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6
Q

secrete antibodies for phagocytosis
B cells
T cells

A

lymphocytes

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7
Q

cell mediated immunity

recognize and destroy cells affected by viruses

A

T cells

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8
Q

blood travels through _______ _______ where it is filtered for bacteria and viruses

A

lymph nodes

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9
Q

helps with proliferation, differentiation or function of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes

A

lymph organs

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10
Q

reduction of O2 carrying capacity secondary to quantity or quality of RBCs

A

anemia

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11
Q

cbc lab values for anemia- male and female

A

less than 14 g/dL for males

less than 12 g/dL for females

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12
Q

arrest of bleeding after blood vv injury that involves the blood vv wall
platelets and plasma coagulation proteins

A

hemostasis

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13
Q

“plug” at site of injury (collagen, van Willebrand factor)

A

primary hemostasis

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14
Q

tissue factor exposure

A

secondary hemostasis

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15
Q

decreased # of platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

most common inherited bleeding disorder

decreased vWF

A

van Willebrand disease

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17
Q

hemophilia lacks what?

A

factor VIII which makes thrombin

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18
Q

all synovial joints affected
femoral, medial, ulnar most susceptible
intercranial hemorrhage

A

hemophilia

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19
Q

autosomal recessive disorder

hemoglobin S

A

sickle cell disease aka hemoglobinopathy

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20
Q

malignant neoplasm of blood forming cells

A

leukemia

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21
Q

replaces normal bone marrow with malignant bone marrow

A

Crowds marrow

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22
Q

3 main symptoms of leukemia

A

anemia
infection
bleeding

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23
Q

4 types of leukemia

A

acute lymphocytic
acute myeloid
chronic lymphocytic
chronic myeloid

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24
Q

effect stem cells before they differentiate
unknown etiology
80% of adult leukemias

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

25
Q

most common leukemia in children

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

26
Q

dx: CBC, blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

27
Q 
Sx:
fever
frequent infections
bleeding/bruising
fatigue
CNS sx
joint pain
enlarged liver and spleen
lymphadenopathy
A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

28
Q 
Sx:
infections
spontaneous bleeding
fatigue 
SOB
splenomegaly
bony pain in thorax
A

acute myelogenous leukemia

29
Q

dx: CBC with elevated WBC

bone marrow biopsy

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

30
Q

neoplasm of hematopoietic stem cell

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

31
Q

reed sternberg cells

spreads to spleen, liver, bone marrow

A

hodgkin lymphoma

32
Q

etiology: exposure to benzene
hx chemo/radiation
autoimmune disease
HIV

A

non-hodgkin lymphoma

33
Q

define hematology

A

formation, structure, and function of blood

34
Q

Etiology: unknown, tx for another CA, preexisting myelodysplastic
syndrome, bone marrow failure, smoking, genetic syndromes (Down syndrome)

A

AML

35
Q

Sx: infections, spontaneous bleeding, fatigue, SOB, splenomegaly, bonypain in thorax

A

AML

36
Q

Dx: CBC with elevated WBC, bone marrow biopsy

A

AML

37
Q

Tx: Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant

A

AML

38
Q

Prognosis: 70% remission in those under 60 yo

A

AML

39
Q

Risk factors: radiation exposure, infection with HTLV-1, genetic syndrome high voltage power lines??

A

ALL

40
Q

Sx: fever, frequent infections, bleeding/bruising, fatigue, CNS sx, joint pain, enlarged liver and spleen, lymphadenopathy
-Tumor lysis syndrome

A

ALL

41
Q

Dx: CBC, blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture

A

ALL

42
Q 
Treatment:
Remission-induction therapy
98% kids & 85% adults remission
Cranial radiation or intrathecal chemoX Stem cell transplant
Reinduction therapy
Continuation therapy
A

ALL

43
Q

Prognosis
Kids: 5 yr survival 90%, cure 80%
Adults tend to relapse

A

ALL

44
Q

Neoplasm of hematopoietic stem cell
Philadelphia chromosome
15% of leukemias

A

CML

45
Q

Sx: fatigue, anorexia, wt loss, sweats, SOB with PA, LUQ pain, splenomegaly (increased spleen size)

A

CML

46
Q

Dx: CBC; blood smear has mature and immature cells

A

CML

47
Q

Tx: Gleevec (tyrosine kinase), chemo, stem cell transplant

A

CML

48
Q

Prognosis: 5 yr survival rate 60%

A

CML

49
Q

Dx: node biopsy, PET scan

A

HL

50
Q

Tx: radiation, chemo, stem cells

A

HL

51
Q

Prognosis: 5 yr survival rate 90%

A

HL

52
Q

mediastinal lymph nodes

Pregnancy

A

classic HL

53
Q

Etiology: exposure to benzene, hx chemo/radiation, autoimmune disease, HIV

A

non HL

54
Q

Most common hematologic malignancy (6th CA in US)
65,000/yr, mostly adults
85% B cell lymphomas

A

non HL

55
Q

Sx: painless lymphadenopathy, fever, wt loss, sweats, itchy skin, SOB

A

non HL

56
Q

Dx: node biopsy, CT scan, scintigraphy

A

non HL

57
Q

Tx: radiation/chemo (CHOP), stem cells, monoclonal Ab

A

non HL

58
Q

Prognosis: 5 yr survival rate 50-60%

A

non HL

Patho Exam 2 (3 decks)

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