Hematology

Question 1

4 parts of blood

Answer 1

plasma
RBCs- erythrocytes
WBCs- leukocytes
platelets- thrombocytes

Question 2

blood is formed in bone marrow and controlled by what hormone?

Answer 2

erythropoietin

Question 3

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

Answer 3

granulocytes

Question 4

lyse foreign materials

sign of organ damage, esp neutrophils

Answer 4

granulocytes

Question 5

largest blood cells, immature until they reach destination tissue –> macrophages
helps inflammatory process/mediators

Answer 5

monocytes

Question 6

secrete antibodies for phagocytosis
B cells
T cells

Answer 6

lymphocytes

Question 7

cell mediated immunity

recognize and destroy cells affected by viruses

Answer 7

T cells

Question 8

blood travels through _______ _______ where it is filtered for bacteria and viruses

Answer 8

lymph nodes

Question 9

helps with proliferation, differentiation or function of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes

Answer 9

lymph organs

Question 10

reduction of O2 carrying capacity secondary to quantity or quality of RBCs

Answer 10

anemia

Question 11

cbc lab values for anemia- male and female

Answer 11

less than 14 g/dL for males

less than 12 g/dL for females

Question 12

arrest of bleeding after blood vv injury that involves the blood vv wall
platelets and plasma coagulation proteins

Answer 12

hemostasis

Question 13

“plug” at site of injury (collagen, van Willebrand factor)

Answer 13

primary hemostasis

Question 14

tissue factor exposure

Answer 14

secondary hemostasis

Question 15

decreased # of platelets

Answer 15

thrombocytopenia

Question 16

most common inherited bleeding disorder

decreased vWF

Answer 16

van Willebrand disease

Question 17

hemophilia lacks what?

Answer 17

factor VIII which makes thrombin

Question 18

all synovial joints affected
femoral, medial, ulnar most susceptible
intercranial hemorrhage

Answer 18

hemophilia

Question 19

autosomal recessive disorder

hemoglobin S

Answer 19

sickle cell disease aka hemoglobinopathy

Question 20

malignant neoplasm of blood forming cells

Answer 20

leukemia

Question 21

replaces normal bone marrow with malignant bone marrow

Answer 21

Crowds marrow

Question 22

3 main symptoms of leukemia

Answer 22

anemia
infection
bleeding

Question 23

4 types of leukemia

Answer 23

acute lymphocytic
acute myeloid
chronic lymphocytic
chronic myeloid

Question 24

effect stem cells before they differentiate
unknown etiology
80% of adult leukemias

Answer 24

acute myelogenous leukemia

Question 25

most common leukemia in children

Answer 25

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 26

dx: CBC, blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture

Answer 26

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 27

``` Sx: fever frequent infections bleeding/bruising fatigue CNS sx joint pain enlarged liver and spleen lymphadenopathy ```

Answer 27

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 28

``` Sx: infections spontaneous bleeding fatigue SOB splenomegaly bony pain in thorax ```

Answer 28

acute myelogenous leukemia

Question 29

dx: CBC with elevated WBC | bone marrow biopsy

Answer 29

acute myelogenous leukemia

Question 30

neoplasm of hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 30

chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 31

reed sternberg cells | spreads to spleen, liver, bone marrow

Answer 31

hodgkin lymphoma

Question 32

etiology: exposure to benzene hx chemo/radiation autoimmune disease HIV

Answer 32

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 33

define hematology

Answer 33

formation, structure, and function of blood

Question 34

Etiology: unknown, tx for another CA, preexisting myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow failure, smoking, genetic syndromes (Down syndrome)

Answer 34

AML

Question 35

Sx: infections, spontaneous bleeding, fatigue, SOB, splenomegaly, bonypain in thorax

Answer 35

AML

Question 36

Dx: CBC with elevated WBC, bone marrow biopsy

Answer 36

AML

Question 37

Tx: Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant

Answer 37

AML

Question 38

Prognosis: 70% remission in those under 60 yo

Answer 38

AML

Question 39

Risk factors: radiation exposure, infection with HTLV-1, genetic syndrome high voltage power lines??

Answer 39

ALL

Question 40

Sx: fever, frequent infections, bleeding/bruising, fatigue, CNS sx, joint pain, enlarged liver and spleen, lymphadenopathy -Tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 40

ALL

Question 41

Dx: CBC, blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture

Answer 41

ALL

Question 42

``` Treatment: Remission-induction therapy 98% kids & 85% adults remission Cranial radiation or intrathecal chemoX Stem cell transplant Reinduction therapy Continuation therapy ```

Answer 42

ALL

Question 43

Prognosis Kids: 5 yr survival 90%, cure 80% Adults tend to relapse

Answer 43

ALL

Question 44

Neoplasm of hematopoietic stem cell Philadelphia chromosome 15% of leukemias

Answer 44

CML

Question 45

Sx: fatigue, anorexia, wt loss, sweats, SOB with PA, LUQ pain, splenomegaly (increased spleen size)

Answer 45

CML

Question 46

Dx: CBC; blood smear has mature and immature cells

Answer 46

CML

Question 47

Tx: Gleevec (tyrosine kinase), chemo, stem cell transplant

Answer 47

CML

Question 48

Prognosis: 5 yr survival rate 60%

Answer 48

CML

Question 49

Dx: node biopsy, PET scan

Answer 49

HL

Question 50

Tx: radiation, chemo, stem cells

Answer 50

HL

Question 51

Prognosis: 5 yr survival rate 90%

Answer 51

HL

Question 52

mediastinal lymph nodes | Pregnancy

Answer 52

classic HL

Question 53

Etiology: exposure to benzene, hx chemo/radiation, autoimmune disease, HIV

Answer 53

non HL

Question 54

Most common hematologic malignancy (6th CA in US) 65,000/yr, mostly adults 85% B cell lymphomas

Answer 54

non HL

Question 55

Sx: painless lymphadenopathy, fever, wt loss, sweats, itchy skin, SOB

Answer 55

non HL

Question 56

Dx: node biopsy, CT scan, scintigraphy

Answer 56

non HL

Question 57

Tx: radiation/chemo (CHOP), stem cells, monoclonal Ab

Answer 57

non HL

Question 58

Prognosis: 5 yr survival rate 50-60%

Answer 58

non HL