Hematology

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

1. Thin Membrane
2. Allows Carbon & Oxygen to diffuse
3. Lives 120 days
4. Values:
   
   4. 5–5.8million/microL

Question 2

Erythropoiesis

Answer 2

1. Production of RBC’s
2. Production is stimulated by a DECREASE in O2 in the circulation
3. Hypoxia is detected by the Kidneys, juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys release Hormone erythropoietin which ignites Erythropoiesis
4. Hypoxia–>Kidney–>Erythropoietin–>Erythropoiesis

Question 3

Hypoxia

Answer 3

1. DECREASED Blood Oxygen Level

Question 4

What causes Hypoxia?

Answer 4

1. The #1 cause is ISCHEMIA
2. Loss of Hgb
3. Decreased efficiency of Hgb
4. Decreased RBC production
5. Respiratory or Cardiac diseases

Question 5

Ischemia

Answer 5

A reduction of blood supply

Question 6

What causes Ischemia?

Answer 6

1. Gradual narrowing of arteries

2. Complete blockage due to Blood Clots

Question 7

Anoxia

Answer 7

Total Lack of Oxygen

Question 8

RBC Development Depend on:

Answer 8

1. Metals:
   a. Iron b. Cobalt c. Manganese
2. Vitamins:
   a. B12 e. Folate
   b. B6 f. Riboflavin
   c. C g. Thiamin
   d. E h. Pantothenic Acid
3. Amino Acids
4. Carbohydrates

Question 9

Accepted Hemoglobin (Hgb) Values

Answer 9

1. Adult Male: 13.8–18 g/dL

2. Adult Female: 12–15 g/dL

Question 10

2 Types of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Anemia

Answer 10

1. Decrease RBC Production:
   A. Altered Hgb Synthesis: IDA
   B. Altered DNA Synthesis: VITAMIN B12 (malabsorption/deficiency)
   C. Bone Marrow Failure: APLASTIC (stem cell dysfunction)
2. Increase RBC Loss or Destruction:
   A. Acute/Chronic Blood Loss: Hemorrhage/Trauma, GI, Menstrual
   B. Defective Hgb: SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Question 11

Name 1 Organ that stores RBC & 1 that Produces it

Answer 11

1. The Liver is a major storage unit for RBC’s

2. The Bone Marrow produces RBC’s